U4M4现在分词作状语公开课

Theing-formusedasadverbial2-ing短语作状语称为现在分词短语作状语现在分词短语作状语时，通常都表示主语正在进行的另一动作，来对谓语表示的主要动作加以修饰或作为陪衬．3Relyingonourownefforts,weovercameallthedifficulties.Don’tjuststandtheredoingnothing.4现在分词作状语有四种形式1.一般形式，由动词原形＋ing构成．2.完成形式，由having+过去分词．3.进行被动式：由being＋过去分词4.完成被动式：由havingbeen＋过去分词构成51.现在分词何时用一般形式?⑴当分词的动作是由主语发出，而且和谓语动词同时发生，则用分词的一般形式．6Whenhesawthosepicture,hecouldn’thelpthinkingfthosememorabledaysinthewar.=Seeingthosepictures,hecouldn’thelpthinkingofthosememorabledaysinthewar.7⑵如果分词表示的是一个极短暂的动作,这动作一发生,谓语表示的动作立即发生,也用分词的一般形式.Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.92.现在分词何时用完成形式？当分词的动作是由主语发出，而且发生在谓语动作之前，则用分词的完成形式．Havingfinishedtheclass,shewenthome.=Aftershefinishedtheclass…113.现在分词何时用进行被动式？当分词的动作由主语承受，而且分词的动作与谓语动词同时发生时．Beingcriticizedbytheemployer,thenewemployeehunghishead.124.现在分词何时用完成的被动式？当分词表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，且分词表示的动作由主语承受．Havingbeenbeatenbythefarmer,thehorsewentaway.Havingbeenpraisedforhisjob,Tomworkedharder.13V-ing形式的否定Not+V-ingNotknowingheraddress,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher.15现在分词作状语相当于状语从句可表时间，原因，方式，伴随情况，结果或条件等16(1)相当于原因状语从句a.Beingill,shedidn’tgotoschooltoday.=Asshewasill,…b.Havingseenthefilm,hedidn’tgotothecinemawiththem.=Becausehehadseenthefilm,…17c.Feelingtired，Iwenttobedearly.=BecauseIfelttired,…d.Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher.＝Becausewedidn’tknowheraddress,…19a.Walkinginthestreet(=WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet),Icaughtsightofatailorshop.b.Turningaround(Whensheturnedaround),shesawanambulancedrivingup.（2）相当于时间状语从句21(3)表示行为方式，伴随情况或补充说明等a.Holdingthenoteinhishand,hestoodtheredumbfounded.b.Thestudentswentaway,runningandlaughing.c.Starving,hewanderedabout.22(4)表示结果a.Theoldmandied,leavingnothingbutdebts.b.wehurriedtoschool,findingtherewerenostudentsintheschool.23(5)表示条件a.Stayinghereforsometime,you’llfindthepeopleherearefriendly.b.Ifplayingallday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.24注意1：不是每个状语从句都能用分词替换只有当分词和句子的主语有逻辑上的主谓关系时，才能用分词替换．25BeforeIcameintothelab,thestudenthadbeenseated.Comingintothelab,thestudentshadbeenseated.F26注意2：如果分词和句子没有逻辑上的主谓关系，则不能用单个的分词作状语，可以用分词的独立主格结构或状语从句．27现在分词的独立结构为名词或代词＋分词，名词或代词是分词的逻辑主语Icomingintothelab,thestudentshadbeenseated.Therebeingnomoney,hecouldbuynothing.28Heenteringtheoffice,aletterwasfoundontheground.ProfessorZhanghavingfinishedthelecture,hisdriverdrovehimhome.29分词作状语时,在少数情况下,其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致,分词用来修饰全句Judgingfromhisaccent,heseemedtobefromHunanprovince.=Ifwejudge…30Generallyspeaking,everyspyhasacontact.Consideringhisage,hewashelpedbytheyoungfellow.