乡村旅游论文外文翻译

毕业论文（设计）外文翻译题目：我国乡村旅游开发研究——以浙江临安白沙村为例学院：旅游与城市管理学院专业：资源环境与城乡规划管理班级：规划0801学号：0805200125学生姓名：陈崎指导教师：程乾二○一二年六月毕业论文：外文翻译学生姓名：陈崎定稿时间：2012-5-9-１-外文翻译之一Factorsforsuccessinruraltourismtourismdevelopment作者：SuzanneWilson,DanielR.Fesenmaier,JulieFesenmaierandJohnC,VanEs国籍：US出处：JournalofTravelResearch原文正文：Sincethe1970s,economicrestructuringandfarmcrisishavereducedruralcommunities'economicdevelopmentoptions,makingolderdevelopmentstrategieslessviableandforcingmanytolookfornontraditionalwaystosustainthemselves.Oneofthemostpopularnontraditionalruraldevelopmentstrategieshasbeentourismanditsassociatedentrepreneurshipruraldevelopmentstrategieshasbeentourismanditsassociatedentrepreneurshipopportunitiesbecauseoftourism'sabilitytobringindollarsandtogeneratejobsandsupportretailgrowth.Thepurposeofthisstudywastoidentifyandexaminethosefactorsthathavehelpedruralcommunitiessuccessfullydeveloptourismanditsentrepreneurshipopportunities.SeveralfocusgroupswereconductedwithlocalbusinesspersonsandleadersinsixruralIllinoiscommunities.Theresultsclearlydemonstratetheimportanceofthecommunityapproachtotourismdevelopmentandthatruraltourismdevelopmentandentrepreneurshipcannotworkwithouttheparticipationandcollaborationofbusinesspersonsdirectlyandindirectlyinvolvedintourism.毕业论文：外文翻译学生姓名：陈崎定稿时间：2012-5-9-２-Sincethe1970s,economicrestructuringandthefarmcrisishaveseverelyreducedruralcommunities’economicopportunities.Economicrestructuringhascausedalossofruralmanufacturingplantsandmanyjobs.The1980sfarmcrisisintheMidwestalsoledtoadeclineinthenumbersoffarmersandrestructuredfarmownership,forcingsomefarmfamiliestoaugmenttheirincomeswithoff-farmjobs,todepartfarming,ortodeclarebankruptcy.Thefarmcrisisandthelossofmanufacturingjobshadsubstantialrippleeffectsinruralcommunities.Asruraljoblessnessratesroseaboveurbanlevels,realincomegrowthstagnatedinruralareas(SearsandReid1992).Manystoresandagribusinessesdisappearedfromsmallruraltowns.Notsurprisingly,a1992statewidesurveyinIllinoisfoundthat39%ofruralresidentsperceivedtheireconomicprospectsasworsening(Walzer1993).Thesechangeslimitedruralcommunities’economicdevelopmentoptions,makingolderdevelopmentstrategiessuchasmanufacturinglessviableandforcingmanytolookfornontraditionalwaystosustainthemselves.Oneofthemostpopularnontraditionalruraldevelopmentstrategieshasbeentourismanditsassociatedentrepreneurshipopportunities(EdgellandHarbaugh1993;Luloffetal.1994).Ruralareashaveaspecialappealtotouristsbecauseofthemystiqueassociatedwithruralareasandtheirdistinctcultural,historic,ethnic,andgeographiccharacteristics(EdgellandHarbaugh1993).Ruraltourismalsoislesscostlyandeasiertoestablishthanotherruraleconomicdevelopmentstrategiessuchasmanufacturing.Ruraltourismcanbedevelopmentstrategiessuchasmanufacturing.Ruraltourismcanbedevelopedlocallywithparticipationfromlocalgovernmentandsmallbusinesses,anditsdevelopmentisnotnecessarilydependentonoutsidefirmsorcompanies.Althoughtourismcanbeexpensivetodevelopincertaincases(e.g.,large毕业论文：外文翻译学生姓名：陈崎定稿时间：2012-5-9-３-resortareas)orcaninvolvelargefirmsandchains,ruraltourismcanbedevelopedwithrelativelylittleinvestmentcredit,training,andcapital.Hence,ruraltourismcanbelesscostlytodevelopascomparedtoothereconomicdevelopmentstrategies;additionally,ruraltourismneednotinvolvedependencyonoutsidefirmsandtheirdecisionsonwhethertheywanttobeinanarea.Ruraltourismprovidesabaseforthesesmallbusinessesthatmightnototherwisebeinruralcommunitiesbecauseoftheirsmallpopulations.Tourismparticularlyhelpstwotypesofsmallbusinessesinruralareas—thosedirectlyinvolvedintourism(e.g.,attractionsandhotels/motels)andthoseindirectlyinvolvedintourism(e.g.,gasstationsandgrocerystores).Additionally,ruraltourismworkswellwithexistingruralenterprisessuchasfarms(e.g.,U-Pickfarms)andcangenerateimportantsecondaryincomeforfarmhouseholds(Oppermann1996).Nonetheless,ruraltourismremainsoneofthefewviableeconomicoptionsforruralcommunities.Likeothereconomicdevelopmentstrategies,ruraltourismrequiresseveralcomponentstobesuccessful.Tourismdevelopmentinvolves(1)attractions:thenaturalandmanmadefeaturesbothwithinandadjacenttoacommunity;(2)promotion:themarketingofacommunityanditstourismattractionstopotentialtourists;(3)tourisminfrastructure:accessfacilities(roads,airports,trains,andbuses),waterandpowerservices,parking,signs,andrecreationfacilities;(4)services:lodging,restaurants,andthevariousretailbusinessesneededtotakecareoftourists’needs;(5)hospitality:howtouristsaretreatedbybothcommunityresidentsandemployeesintourismbusinessesandattractions(Gunn1988).Leftoutofthislistaretourismentrepreneursandtheirroleinfosteringthesecomponents.Whiletheabovecomponentsandacommunity’sassetsareclearlyimportanttotourismdevelopment,onlythewidespreadparticipationandcontributionofruraltourismentrepreneurscanensure毕业论文：外文翻译学生姓名：陈崎定稿时间：2012-5-9-４-abroad-basedfoundationforsuccessfultourismdevelopment.Aresearchliteraturehasemergedonhowtobestfacilitatethedevelopmentoftourism.Oneview,drawingheavilyontheeconomicliterature,arguesthattourismanditsassociatedentrepreneurshipopportunitiesarebestd