高中语法精讲情态动词

高中语法精讲情态动词[例1](2014山东)Itisdifficultforustoimagine__lifewaslikeforslavesintheancientworld.A.whereB.whatC.whichD.why[例2](2014北京)Thebestmomentforthefootballstarwas___hescoredthewinninggoal.A.whereB.whenC.howD.why[例3](2014北京)Somepeoplebelieve___hashappenedbeforeorishappeningnowwillrepeatitselfinthefuture.A.whateverB.wheneverC.whereverD.however[例4](2013浙江)Theonlywaytosucceedatthehighestlevelistohavetotalbelief___youarebetterthananyoneelseonthesportsfield.A.howB.thatC.whichD.whether两点要求:1.考察方式:有效信息越来越隐蔽，情景越来越真实生动2.带着问题学习效率更高情态动词表推测:must可能性接近100%，非常肯定的推测should/oughtto80%的可能can/may/could/might40-50%may/mightnot可能不can/couldnot不可能，可能性接近0%练一练:1.He________bethewantedman,he'sexactlylikethispicture.2.You_______haveawrongnumber,shesaid.There'snooneofthatnamehere.3.Thebasketballteamhasbeendoingwellthisseason,sothey______winthechampionship.答案1must句意他肯定是被通缉的那个人，因为他跟图片上的人特别像。表特别大的可能，用must2must句意你绝对弄错号码了，因为我们这里没有,有证据表明用must3should句意篮球队这个赛季打得不错，他们很有可能获得冠军。比赛输赢有随机偶然性，没那么绝对易错点1:1.It______betrue.(can/could/may/might)2.______itbetrue?(can/could/may/might)答案1后两个是正确定，肯定句中不能用can/could答案2前两个是正确的，疑问句不能用may/might表推测时can不用于肯定句may不用于疑问句Itcanbequitecoldheresometimes.Lionscanberatherviolentwhentheyarehungry.特殊can用于肯定句表推测:理论可能性，翻译为“有时可能”[例1](2014江西)Lifeisunpredictable;eventhepoorest______becometherichest.A.shallB.mustC.needD.might答案D句意生活是不可预测，即使穷人可能变成有钱人[例2](江西)It___bethepostmanatthedoor.It'sonlysixo'clock.A.mustn'tB.can'tC.won'tD.needn't答案B用can't表否定的推测。门口肯定不是邮递员，现在才六点。[例3](福建)ItisusuallywarminmyhometowninMarch,butit____berathercoldsometimes.A.mustB.canC.shouldD.would答案B句意我的家乡三月份通常暖和，但是有些时候可能比较冷。sometimes表有时可能用can易错点2:should表示更为谨慎的推测（多用于购物场景）一WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.-They____bereadyby12:00.A.canB.shouldC.mightD.must答案B句意什么时候我来取照片?我明天下午需要照片。它们会在12点以前准备好。[例4](北京)-Morning!Isthereanythingspecialinyourmind?-Yes.Iamlookingforanewshirt.-OK.That____beonthatshelf.I'llgetitforyou.A.canB.shouldC.mightD.must答案B易错点3:must表推测没有否定。mustn'表禁止。1.It_____bethepostmanatthedoor.It'sonlysixo'clockA.mustn'tB.can'tC.won'tD.needn't答案B2.You__parkhere!It'sanemergencyexit.A.wouldn'tB.needn'tC.couldn'tD.mustn't答案D[例5]Jonny,you____playwiththeknife,oryou_____hurtourself.A.won't:can'tB.mustn't;mayC.shouldn't;mustD.can't;shouldn't答案B句意Jonny你不要玩刀，否则你有可能受伤情态动词表推测:可能性易错点对过去的推测must接近100%mustn't表禁止，不是推测musthavedoneshould80%左右有责任，比较谨慎/can/may/could/might40%-50%左右can/could不能用于肯定句中，can用于肯定句表有时可能;may/might不能用could/mighthavedone于疑问句中may/mightnot可能没做mightnothavedonecan/couldnot不可能，可能性接近0%否定翻译成不可能couldnothavedone对过去的推测:Youlooksotired.You______stayeduplateagain.答案musthave[例6](北京)We____thediffcultytogether,butwhydidn'tyoutellme?A.shouldfaceB.mightfaceC.couldhavefacedD.musthaveface答案C特殊用法，虚拟语气结合，表本来能做却没做could/mighthavedone1.过去可能做了2.本来能做却没做should/oughttohavedone本该做而实际上没做(抱怨和责备)Youshouldhavehandeditin.shouldnot/oughtnottohavedone本不该做而做了Youshouldn'thavetoldherthetruth.needn'thavedone本不必做而做了Youneedn'thaveworriedaboutit.1.情态动词表能力:can/could:表主观能力，不表意愿beableto:强烈的意愿，强调克服困难做成某事练一练:1.Mydadwasamusicprofessor,he____playtheviolinwell.2.Alittleboyfellintotheriverbutfortunatelywe______rescuehim.3.IlookedeverywhereforthekeybutI_______findit.答案1用过去时态could2.wereableto3couldn't/wasn'tableto2.情态动词表必要性、责任:must/haveto/need一定要做某事/不得不做某事/必须做某事考点1.时态和否定例:Iwearglasses.I______wearglassessinceIwas12.don'thaveto=needn'tdo=don'tneedtodo答案havehadto考点2.must用于疑问句或条件句中:非得，非要John,lookatthetime._______youplayothepianoatsuchalatehour?A.MustB.CanC.MayD.Need答案A句意你看看时间，非得这么晚的时候弹琴吗考点3.need1.情态动词:没有人称和数的变化，直接接动词原形，构成否定和疑问时不用助动词。实义动词:有人称和数的变化，构成否定和疑问时借助助动词do,does,did2.needdoing=needtobedone主动形式表被动Mycarneedsrepairing=Mycarneedstoberepaired.3.回答-NeedIgiveupsmoking?-Yes,you___.No,you___答案must；needn't3.情态动词shall的用法1.应用于所有人称:允诺，一定Ishallreturn.Youshallpayforit.2.根据法律条文规定=mustAccordingtothenewly-madetraffieregulation,whoeverdrivesthroughredlight____befinedatleast200dollars.A.shallB.mayC.wouldD.should答案A句意根据最新交通法规则，凡是开车闯红灯的人，都应该被罚200元4.情态动词would的用法1.表意愿、决心(北京)Johnpromisedhisdoctorhe___notsmoking.A.mightB.shouldC.couldD.would答案D句意向他的医生承诺他不会抽烟2.表示习惯性动作(usedto)过去常常做某事Whenhewasthere,he___gotothatcoffeeshopatthecornerafterworkeveryday.A.wouldB.shouldC.needD.might答案句意当他在那里的时候，他经常在下班之后去拐角的咖啡店。usedto表过去常常做某事，但现在不这样了，而would过去常常做某事，现在可能也还在继续，不太确定。