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WeaknessofHumanNature人性的弱点主讲人：夏秋秋成员：赵青青李青云陈璐InstituteofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering环境科学与工程学院InChinesecharacters,wecanseethereisa“口”underthecharacterof“善”anda“心”under“恶”.Thisrepresentsthekindiscausedbyhuman’sacquiredactivitieswiththemouthtosay,however,evilistheexistenceofhumancongenital（天生的）heart.InEnglish,“live”meansdynamicandvigorousbutitalsohidesanotherword“evil”whichisdeeplyrootedinhumannature.GodcreatedAdam,andlethimlivecarefreeinthegardenofEden.Tomadehimnotalone,godhadcreatedevetoAdamaspartner,andtoldthem:don'tstealtoeatthefruitofgoodandevilinthegardenofEden(thatistheforbiddenfruit),otherwisethey'llbepunished.Butoneday,theyatetheforbiddenfruitunderasnake'stemptation.原罪说:上帝创造了亚当，并让他在伊甸园里无忧无虑的生活。但是上帝看到亚当一个在伊甸园里挺孤单的，于是他有创造了夏娃给亚当当伴，并告戒他们：别偷吃伊甸园里的善恶之果（也就是禁果），否则就惩罚他们.但是一天，他们被一条蛇引诱而偷吃了禁果。After,theysuddenlyfoundtheydidn'twearclothes,bothofthemnakedshowinginfrontofeachother,sotheybegantofeelshyandcoveruptheorganwithleaves,sotheconceptofmenandwomenbegan.Then,GodkeptthemoutofthegardenofEdenandsaid:“youcommitthecrime,youneedtosufferintheworld.”Therefore,thepersonbirthwithsin.Thisistheoriginalsin!吃了禁果后，他们突然发现自己没穿衣服，双方都赤裸裸的把身体展露在对方面前，因此他们开始感到害羞就用树叶子把性器官遮掩起来，于是男女的概念就开始了。上帝知道后就把他们赶出了伊甸园，说：你们犯下了罪恶，要你们在世上受苦，赎罪！于是人的出生就成了一种罪恶，这就是所谓的原罪！AsmostChinesepeopledo,Ihavenodoubtthatpeoplearebasicallygood.Whenwelookattheinfant’sinnocentsmileandface,we’dliketobelievethattheyareangels.Butwiththewealthoflifeexperienceandindepththought,Ihavefoundthatpeoplearebasicallygoodcannotexplaintheproblemsinreallife.Onthecontrary,humannatureisevilisabletorevealtheruleofthedevelopmentofhumansociety.Thisforcesmetochangemypreviousideaandacceptthefact,humannatureisevil.Peopleatthebeginningofgoodness?（人之初性本善？）Thesevendeadlysinsgluttony,greed,sloth,envy,pride,lustandanger,thisiswhattheCatholicChurchreferstothehumannatureofthesevendeadlysins.Amanisneitheranangelnorabeast.Unfortunately,hewantstoactlikeanangel,butheisinherentlyabeast.——Pascal人，既不是天使也不是野兽。不幸的是，人希望表现得像天使，而实际却像野兽。——巴斯卡Xunzisaid:hungerandtofood,coldandtowarm,fatigueandtorest,interesttogoodandsickofharm,isthatpeoplehavehadwithborn……荀子明确把人性限定为人的自然属性：“饥而欲食，寒而欲暖，劳而欲息，好利而恶害，是人之所生而有也……”Forexample,twobabiesarehungry,butthereisonlyabottleofmilk.Whatwillhappennext?Thetwobabieswillcertainlybeeagertosnatchthebottleofmilktofillthestomach,insteadofthinkingaboutsharingwiththeother.Whennaturalconditionscannotmeetthesurvivalanddevelopmentofallindividuals,thehumaninstinctwouldbeinspired.Everyonefightfortheirownsurvivalanddevelopment,whichwillproduceaseriesofevilthingsandphenomena.Anotherexample,Singapore‘slegalsystemhasalwaysbeenknownforitsstrictnessandefficiency,themostfamousoneisprobablythewhipping(鞭刑).Sincethispunishmentissocruel,whywedonotabolishit?Singapore'sformerprimeministerLeeKuanYewhasgiventheanswerinhisbookMyViewofTheWorld,“Ithinkhumannatureisevilandmustbelimitedtostopevilside.FromthehistoryofSingapore‘seconomicgrowth,wecanseetheimportanceofunderstanding“humannatureisevil”.InadditiontoSingapore,westernsocietyalsoregardsJudaism（犹太教）andChristianism（天主教）’evil‘astheideologicalfoundation.ThisargumentrepresentsinHobbs.Inaddition,Machiavelli,Schopenhauer,Hegelarealsoconsideredtobeevilcommentators(评论者).Infact,Chinahasdiscussedonthe“humannatureisevil”intheearlytime.WarringStatesPeriodfamousphilosopherXunziisadvocatedonbehalfof“humannatureisevil”.Hewroteintheopeningof“evilchapter”:humanevil,thegoodispseudo(假的).Education,moralityandlegislation——whichindirectlyreflectthe“humannatureisevil”.人之性恶，其善伪也。——荀子Acquirededucationmaymakethesechildrenlearnhowtorestrainandshare,butthatisnottheresultofhumannature.Educationandmoralitymakepeoplerestraintheiranimal’sinstinctsincertainsubjectiveaspects,thelawobjectivelysetsobstaclesandcostsontheroadleadingtodesire,sopeopledarenottoexceedtheutmostlimits.Therefore,humanwillputeducation,moralityandlegislationinaprominentpositioninsociallife.educationmoralitylegislationWhetherpeoplearebasicallygoodorevil,wewillcarryforwardthegoodsideandpursuethesamethings.