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考研英语阅读真题详解和翻译（1994－2010）2010PartAText1①OfallthechangesthathavetakenplaceinEnglish-languagenewspapersduringthepastquarter-century,perhapsthemostfar-reachinghasbeentheinexorabledeclineinthescopeandseriousnessoftheirartscoverage.【考点分析】灭绝师太常考（themost）本句的意思是过去这些年英语报纸上所发生的最有影响力的变化的可能是艺术评论的在报道范围和严肃性的堕落.①Itisdifficulttothepointofimpossibilityfortheaveragereaderundertheageoffortytoimagineatimewhenhigh-qualityartscriticismcouldbefoundinmostbig-citynewspapers.②Yetaconsiderablenumberofthemostsignificantcollectionsofcriticismpublishedinthe20thcenturyconsistedinlargepartofnewspaperreviews.③Toreadsuchbookstodayistomarvelatthefactthattheirlearnedcontentswereoncedeemedsuitableforpublicationingeneral-circulationdailies.【考点分析】①tothepointof到...地步②转折常考，出21题。然而，在20世纪大量的最重要的批评集是有报纸评论组成的。本句强调20世纪的报纸评论数量很多。③沿着上句的意思论述：如今读到这样的书的人不禁会对下面这个事实感到惊讶:这些评论之前竟然被认为适合在面向大众的日报上刊登。21.ItisindicatedinParagraphs1and2thatAartscriticismhasdisappearedfrombig-citynewspapers.BEnglish-languagenewspapersusedtocarrymoreartsreviews.Chigh-qualitynewspapersretainalargebodyofreaders.Dyoungreadersdoubtthesuitabilityofcriticismondailies.【正确选项解析】【B】由第一段的①declineinscope和第二段的②aconsiderablenumber都在强调以前的报纸关于艺术评论数量很多，所以选择B【干扰选项分析】【A】比较容易排除。与第一段①矛盾，原文只是说decline,即下降，没有说消失（disappear）【C】比较容易排除。高质量的报纸未丧失大量的读者。无中生有。【D】强干扰项。年轻的读者怀疑报纸上的评论不合适。原文③：《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》marvelv.beverysurprised(andoftenadmiring)大为惊讶（常含赞叹之意），表明其实读者是赞同：这些评论可以再报纸上刊登的。这里的doubt表示怀疑，所以与marvel意思相反。①WeareevenfartherremovedfromtheunfocusednewspaperreviewspublishedinEnglandbetweentheturnofthe20thcenturyandtheeveofWorldWar2,atatimewhennewsprintwasdirt-cheapandstylishartscriticismwasconsideredanornamenttothepublicationsinwhichitappeared.②Inthosefar-offdays,itwastakenforgrantedthatthecriticsofmajorpaperswouldwriteindetailandatlengthabouttheeventstheycovered.③Theirswasaseriousbusiness.andeventhosereviewswhoworetheirlearninglightly,likeGeorgeBernardShawandErnestNewman,couldbetrustedtoknowwhattheywereabout.④Thesemenbelievedinjournalismasacalling,andwereproudtobepublishedinthedailypress.⑤Sofewauthorshavebrainsenoughorliterarygiftenoughtokeeptheirownendupinournalism,Newmanwrote,thatIamtemptedtodefinejournalismasatermofcontemptappliedbywriterswhoarenotreadtowriterswhoare.【考点分析】①否定常考（unfocused）出22题。承接上文，上文讲我们的评论数量减少，这里继续讲我们甚至离20世纪初到二战期间的报纸评论也相差很远。Evenfartherremovedfrom表明作者的惋惜之情。②indetailandatlength详细的③serious严肃的④calling对做某项工作的强烈欲望或责任感proud骄傲上面的这些词都表明二战前的报纸评论的风格。⑤否定常考，出23题。与我们离得更远的是20世纪初与二战前夕之间英国出版的百花齐放的报纸评论。那时新闻印刷品价格低廉，并且时尚的文艺批评被认为是对刊登它们的出版物的装饰点缀。在那些遥远的日子里，人们认为理所当然的是，主要报纸的评论家常常详细阐述他们所报导的事件。他们从事的是一项严肃的工作，并且即使像萧伯纳和纽曼那样的卖弄文墨的评论家也可以被认为是深谙他们所论述的事情。这些人深信新闻业是一种职业使命，并且为在这些日常报章杂志上发表文章而自豪。纽曼写道，“如此少的作家拥有足够的才智和文学天赋以便终身从事新闻业，以至于我想把“新闻业“定义为”没有学问的作家应用到有学问的作家身上的一个鄙视的词。其实本句话中Newmanwrote,后面的根本不需要看懂。22.NewspaperreviewsinEnglandbeforeWorldWar2werecharacterizedbyAfreethemes.Bcasualstyle.Celaboratelayout.Dradicalviewpoints.【正确选项解析】【A】unfocused的英文解释：notconcentratedatonepointorupononeobjective,free的英文解释是unrestricted，所以unfocused=free,属于同义替换。【干扰选项分析】【B】请看《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》字典对casual的解释：（a）madeordonewithoutmuchcareorthought;offhand不经意的;随便的;马虎的;临时的(b)(derog贬)showinglittleconcern;nonchalant;irresponsible漠不关心的;无动於衷的;不负责任的(c)notmethodicalorthorough;notserious无条理的;不彻底的;不认真的.这几个意思都是和②indetailandatlength详细的③serious严肃的④calling对做某项工作的强烈欲望或责任感proud骄傲相矛盾的。所以不选。【C】强干扰项。elaborate可以替换原文中的indetail，但是layout(布局)无中生有，所以本题与原文不相符合。【D】radical激进的无中生有。23.WhichofthefollowingwouldshawandNewmanmostprobablyagreeon?AItiswriters'dutytofulfilljournalisticgoals.BItiscontemptibleforwriterstobejournalists.CWritersarelikelytobetemptedintojournalism.DNotallwritersarecapableofjournalisticwriting.【正确选项解析】【D】对⑤同义替换。Few=notall，havebrainsenoughorliterarygiftenough=capableof注意：D选项中notall属于部分否定,语气委婉，在选项中出现往往正确。【干扰选项分析】【A】journalisticgoals(新闻业的目标)，无中生有。【B】作家成为记者是值得鄙视的。与④的proud（自豪的）相反。【C】作者容易被新闻业吸引。对⑤偷梁换柱。原文说的是被definejournalismas...所吸引，而不是被journalism所吸引。①Unfortunately,thesecriticsarevirtuallyforgotten.②NevilleCardus,whowrotefortheManchesterGuardianfrom1917untilshortlybeforehisdeathin1975,isnowknownsolelyasawriterofessaysonthegameofcricket.③Duringhislifetime,though,hewasalsooneofEngland'sforemostclassical-musiccritics,andastylistsowidelyadmiredthathisAutobiography(1947)becameabest-seller.④Hewasknightedin1967,thefirstmusiccritictobesohonored.⑤Yetonlyoneofhisbooksisnowinprint,andhisvastbodyofwritingsonmusicisunknownsavetospecialists.【考点分析】①否定常考+段首常考。不幸的是，这些批评家几乎被忘记了。言语之间是作者对报纸评论堕落的惋惜之情。②-⑤是举NevilleCardus的例子来论证以前的评论家怎么被忘记的，可以略读。①IsthereanychancethatCardus'scriticismwillenjoyarevival?②Theprospectseemsremote.③Journalistictasteshadchangedlongbeforehisdeath,andpostmodernreadershavelittleusefortherichlyuphosteredVicwardianproseinwhichhespecialized.④Moreover,theamateurtraditioninmusiccriticismhasbeeninheadlongretreat.【考点分析】①特殊标点常考，出25题。笔者在课堂中反复强调出现问号是必考的。Cardus'那样的评论会重现吗？不太可能！再一次点明了作者所讨论的中心：报纸行业的堕落（decline），要注意decline与①中的revival是反义词。③讲理由，出24题。24.WhatcanbelearnedaboutCardusaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs?AHismusiccriticismmaynotappealtoreaderstoday.BHisreputationasamusiccritichaslongbeenindispute.CHisstylecatersla