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Chapter2–ManagementYesterdayandTodayTrue/FalseAccordingtoAdamSmith,divisionoflaborwasanimportantconcept.True(easy)IntheIndustrialRevolution,machinepowerbegansubstitutingforhumanpower.True(easy)“PrinciplesofScientificManagement”waswrittenbyFrederickTaylor.True(moderate)FrankGilbreth’sbest-knowncontributiontoscientificmanagementconcernedselectingthebestworker.False(moderate)FrederickTaylorismostassociatedwiththeprinciplesofscientificmanagement.True(easy)OnecouldsaythatFayolwasinterestedinstudyingmacromanagementissues,whereasTaylorwasinterestedinstudyingmicromanagementissues.True(moderate)Bureaucracy,asdescribedbyWeber,emphasizesrationalityandinterpersonalrelationships.False(moderate)Decisionsondeterminingacompany’soptimuminventorylevelshavebeensignificantlyinfluencedbyeconomicorderquantitymodeling.True(moderate)Barnard,Follet,Musterberg,andOwenarealltheoristsareassociatedwiththeearlyorganizationalbehaviorapproach.True(moderate)MultipleChoiceAdamSmith's,TheWealthofNations,putforththattheprimaryeconomicadvantagebysocietieswouldbegainedfromwhichofthefollowingconcepts?a.managementplanningandcontrolb.on-the-jobtrainingc.unionrepresentationd.fairemploymentlegislatione.divisionoflabor(difficult)Whichofthefollowingisnotoneofthefourmanagementapproachesthatgrewoutofthefirsthalfofthiscentury?a.scientificmanagementb.generaladministrativec.organizationalbehaviord.systemsapproach(easy)e.quantitativeAccordingtothetext,probablythebest-knownexampleofTaylor’sscientificmanagementwasthe______________experiment.a.horseshoeb.pigiron(moderate)c.bluecollard.fishtankWhichofthefollowingisNOToneofTaylor’sfourprinciplesofmanagement?a.Developascienceforeachelementofanindividual’swork,whichwillreplacetheoldrule-of-thumbmethod.b.Scientificallyselectandthentrain,teach,anddeveloptheworker.c.Heartilycooperatewiththeworkerssoastoensurethatallworkisdoneinaccordancewiththeprinciplesdeveloped.d.Providemanagerswilllessworkthanotheremployeessothemanagerscanplanaccordingly.(difficult)Generaladministrativetheoryfocusesona.theentireorganization.(easy)b.managersandadministrators.c.themeasurementoforganizationaldesignrelationships.d.primarilytheaccountingfunction.e.administrativeissuesaffectingnon-managerialemployees.Thefourteenprinciplesofmanagementareassociatedwithwhom?a.Weberb.Druckerc.Taylord.Gilbrethe.Fayol(moderate)Whichofthefollowingapproachestomanagementhasalsobeenlabeledoperationsresearchormanagementscience?a.Thequalitativeapproachb.Thequantitativeapproach(easy)c.Theexperimentalapproachd.ThetheoreticalapproachWhichofthefollowingwouldnotbeassociatedwiththequantitativeapproachtomanagement?a.informationmodelsb.critical-pathschedulingc.systematicmotivationofindividuals(moderate)d.linearprogramminge.statisticsWithoutquestion,themostimportantcontributiontothedevelopingfieldoforganizationalbehaviorcameoutofthe_______________.a.TaylorStudies.b.PorterStudies.c.ParkerStudies.d.HawthorneStudies.(moderate)WhatscientistismostcloselyassociatedwiththeHawthorneStudies?a.Adamsb.Mayo(easy)c.Lawlerd.Barnarde.FollettOneoutcomeoftheHawthornestudiescouldbedescribedbywhichofthefollowingstatements?a.Socialnormsarethekeydeterminantsofindividualworkbehavior.(moderate)b.Moneyismoreimportantthanthegrouponindividualproductivity.c.Behaviorandemployeesentimentsareinverselyrelated.d.Securityisrelativelyunimportant.e.Whilegroupsareanimportantdeterminantofworkerproductivity,theindividualhim/herselfismostimportant.ScenariosandQuestionsHISTORICALBACKGROUNDOFMANAGEMENTALookBack(Scenario)CindySchultz,tiredfromworkingwithcustomersallday,decidedtotakeafifteen-minutenaptohelpclearherheadbeforethe4:15managers'meeting.Hercompanyhadrecentlybegunare-engineeringprocessaswellasotherchangesrequiringcopiousmanagementinput.Assheleanedbackinherchair,shewonderedifmanagementsciencehadalwaysbeenthiswayandhowitallbegan.Asshenapped,shedreamedthat,alongwithMr.Peebodiasherguide,shewastravelingintheManagementWayBackMachinethattookherbackthroughmanagementhistory.106.OneoftheearliestsitesCindyvisitedwasAdamSmith'shome,authorofTheWealthofNations,whichsuggestedthatorganizationsandsocietywouldgainfroma.timemanagement.b.divisionoflabor.(moderate)c.groupwork.d.qualitymanagement.e.timeandmotionstudies.107.Cindyvisitedabookstorewheretherewasabooksigningoccurring.ShelookeddownandsawthatthetitleofthebookwasPrinciplesofScientificManagementandconcludedthattheauthormustbea.AdamSmith.b.FrankGilbreth.c.HenryGantt.d.FrederickTaylor.(easy)e.HenriFayol.108.CindyadmiredtheworksofTaylorandGilbreth,twoadvocatesofa.scientificmanagement.(moderate)b.organizationalbehavior.c.humanresourcemanagement.d.motivation.e.leadership.109.Cindyspentsometimevisitingwith__________,aresearchershepreviouslyknewlittleaboutbutwhoalsocontributedtomanagementsciencebybeingamongthefirsttousemotionpicturefilmstostudyhand-and-bodymotionsandbydevisingaclassificationschemeknownasatherblig.a.HenryGanttb.MaxWeberc.ChesterBarnardd.FrankGilbreth(moderate)Lilliane.MaryParkerFolletEssayQuestionsSCIENTIFICMANAGEMENTInashortessay,discussFrederickTaylor’sworkin