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Actuator执行器correction改正，修正Variable变量feedback反馈digital数字的automatic自动的adjust调整sensor传感器component成分，组成open-loop开环continuous连续的setpoint设定值coil线圈online在线description描述combination结合robustness鲁棒性logicunit逻辑单元batchcontrol批次控制resolve解决；决心drift漂移nonlinear非线性calibration校准,刻度malfunction故障hardness硬度flexible柔性的versatility多功能性mastercontrol主控制switch开关correctiveeffect纠正作用valve阀simulation模拟,仿真fuelflow燃料流量diaphragm谐振膜reference参考equip装备（vi）bumplesstransfer无扰动切换closed-loop闭环damper阻尼diode二极管interrupt中断internationalstandardsorganization国际标准化组织hierarchicalstructure层次结构inventory详细目录库存存货optimize最优化mimic模仿的模拟的liquidcrystal液晶manipulatedvariable操作量breakdown故障，损坏keyfactors关键因素relay继电器condense精简serialnumber序列号generallevel通用层scantime扫描时间recoverytime恢复时间zerodrift零点漂移sensitivity灵敏度controlstrategy控制策略computer-integratedmanufacturing计算机集成制造crank曲柄artificialintelligence人工智能monitor监控compensate补偿repeatable可重复的dispersion分散environmentalcontrol环境控制cite引用derate减免auxiliary辅助correspond一致的ratio比例frequency频率bandwidth带宽controller控制器element元件sense检测，感知transducer变送器computeranalysis计算机分析machinelevel机器层controlsystem控制系统Measurement测量selective选择性的isolated独立的capacitance电容repetition重复性signaltransducer信号变送器spring弹簧externalsignal外部信号on-offcontrol开关控制frontpanel前面板optimal最佳的deflection偏差compensation补偿detector检测器reliability可靠度derivativemode微分模式controlvalve控制阀interoperability互操作性dynamic动态(n;vi)validation确认standardization标准化numericalcontrol数值控制nonlinearity非线性operationalmanual操作指南outputspan输出范围periodic周期的oscillator振荡器，振动器real-timecontrol实时控制blend混合celllevel单元级purchase采购randomerrors随机误差pneumatic气动的inaccurate不准确response-time响应时间diagnose诊断interference干扰restrict限制；约束industrialcomputer工业计算机integer整数oscilloscope示波器skippedperiods跳跃区间RMS-value均方根servomechanism伺服机构respondto响应changeintheload负载的变化continuousmanner连续方式hookup链接sake目的verify查证，核实random随机的economiccommunity经济共同体amplitude幅度condition条件voltage电压stable稳定resistance电阻conduct引导consumergoods消费商品alloy合金extent范围，程度ferric铁的conduct引导（vi）observer观察者conclusion结论misinterpret曲解initial最初的representation表示法,代表restricted受限制的intuition直觉力preceding在前的；前述的constitute构成operational操作的lowerrangelimit范围下限upperrangelimit范围上限deadband死区extent范围singlestep单步span量程、跨度idealvalue理想值dispersion分散散布settheory集合论parameter参数flowrate流率statics统计学quantitativedata定量数据qualitativedata定性数据potential潜能、电压proportionalmode比例模式millivolt毫伏oilrefinery炼油厂impedance阻抗integralmode积分模型maintenance维护transmission发射，发送，传播transferfunction传递函数wirelesscommunication无线通讯Laplacetransform拉普拉斯变换mastercontrol主控制mainframecomputer大型计算机magneticfield磁场fluctuate波动fieldbus现场总线hypothesis假说；假设dynamic动态的cost-effective节省成本的celsius摄氏的ambient周围的，周围环境的patternrecognition模式识别sample采样protocol草案；协议systematicerror系统误差procure采购、获得increment增量overload过载blockdiagram方框图timedalay时滞、时延processcontrol过程控制batchcontrol批次控制distributedcontrolsystem分布式控制系统liquidcrystal液晶manualcontrol手动控制flexible柔性的self-tuning自调谐inventory详细目录、库存、清册client-servermodel客户-服务器模型appliance器具、装置irradiate发射、照射electrode电极thermostat恒温器1.Measurementtheorytreatsmeasurementsasamappingofelementsofasourcesetbelongingtotheempiricaldomainspaceontotheelementsofanimagesetwhichispartoftheabstractrangespace.测量理论把测量看作是经验域空间的源集合的元素映射到图像集的元素，这是抽象距离空间的一部分2.Theacquisitionofstructuralinformationiscalledaqualitativemeasurement;theacquisitionofmetricinformationiscalledaquantitativemeasurement.结构信息的获取称为定性度量，度量信息的获取称为定量度量3.Asopposedtoaphysicalmeasurementtheobjectofanon-physicalmeasurementisoftenconsciousofbeingmeasured.与物理测量相反，非物理测量的对象通常是有意识的被测量的。4.Afterdataiscollected,itmayneedtobeprocessedeitherbyapplyingmathematicalcomputationtoitorarrangingitinsomemeaningfulmanner.收集数据后，可能需要进行数学运算或以某种有意义的方式进行整理5.Inthistheoryameasurementresultisconsideredtobearepresentationoftheactualempiricalquantity.在这个理论中，测量结果被认为是实际经验量的表示6.Thefrequencyofaperiodicalsignalismeasuredbysimplycountingthenumberofperiodswhichfallwithinanaccuratelydeterminedreferencetimeinterval.周期性信号的频率是通过简单地计算在精确确定的参考时间间隔内的周期数来测量的7.Evenwithinthislimitedsegment,itwouldhardlybepossibletolistmuchlessdescribeallofthedistancemeasurementapproachesthathavebeendevised.即使在这个有限的部分，也几乎不可能列出比设计的所有距离测量方法少得多的描述。8.Thethermalzeroshiftisthechangeinthezerooutputofameasuringinstrumentforaspecifiedchangeinambienttemperature。热零点漂移是指测量仪器在环境温度变化时零输出量的变化。9.Anopen-loopcontrolsystemdoesnotcomparetheactualresultwiththedesiredresulttodeterminethecontrolaction.开环控制系统不将实际结果与期望结果进行比较，以确定控制动作。10.Theprimaryadvantageofopen-loopcontrolisthatitislessexpensivethanclosed-loopcontrol:Itisnotnecessarytomeasuretheactualresult.开环控制的主要优点是它比闭环控制便宜：不需要测量实际结果11.Feedbackistheactionofmeasuringthedifferencebetweentheactualresultandthedesiredresult,andusingthatdifferencetodrivetheactualresulttowardthedesiredresult.反馈是测量的实际结果和预期结果之间的差异，使用这种差异使实际结果靠近期望的结果12.Themeasuringtransmitterorsensorsensesthevalueofthecontrolledvariableandconvertsitintoausablesignal.测量变送器或传感器检测受控变量的值并将其转换为可用信号13.ItisgenerallyagreedthatatleastthreelevelsofcomputerintegrationarerequiredforCIMtowork：thecelllevel,thearealevel,andtheplantlevel.人们普遍认为CIM需要至少三个级别的计算机集成：单元级、区域级和工厂级。14.Theprimarystandardforelectric