被动语态分类翻译练习

被动语态分类翻译练习part1一、译成主动句，原文主语仍译为主语1．Thetemperatureinthestoreroomisnotallowedtogoabovezero．2．Lasertechnologymaybetakenasoneofthemostimportantadvancesachievedbyscientistsinrecentyears．3．Undercertainconditions，heatmaybechangedintomechanicalenergy，andmechanicalenergyintoheatenergy．4．China’sfirstatomicreactorandcyclotron(回旋加速器)werebuiltin1958．5．Thespeedofthemoleculesisincreasedwhentheyareheated．二、译成主动句，原文主语译成宾语1．Largequantitiesofsteamareusedbymodemindustryinthegenerationofpower．2．Thesefactswerenotknowntotheearlyinvestigators，andmanyofthemdiedofcancer.3．theresultoftheinventionofthesteamenginewasthathumanpowerwasreplacedbymechanicalpower．4．Thenumericaldataconcernedareprovidedinthethirdchapter．5．Asyntheticmaterialequaltothatmetalinstrengthhasbeencreatedbyourresearchcenter．三、译成主动句，并根据情况增添适当主语1．Laserhasbeenfoundveryefficientindrillingsmallholes．2．Itisbelievedthatweshallmakefulluseofthesun'senergysomeday．3．Itmaybesupposedthatoriginallytheearth’slandsurfacewascomposedofrockonly．4．Itmaybesupposedthatsomebikesaremadeofplasticsinsteadofsteel．5．Gasesarefrequentlyregardedascompressible，liquidsasincompressible．被动语态分类翻译练习part2四、译成无主句1．Practicallynoscientificexperimentshaveyetbeenmadeonthisquestion．2．Fullusemustbemadeofallnaturalresourcesinourcountry．3．Sometimesoilorgasisreached，butisnotworthfurtherdrilling.4．Newwaysarebeingfoundinmakinguseofthesmokethatkeepscomingoutofthefactorychimneys(烟囱)．5．Muchgreatermagnificationcanbeobtainedwiththeelectronmicroscope．五、译成判断句1．Ironisextractedfromtheorebysmeltingintheblastfurnace(鼓风炉)．2．Thiscylindrical(圆柱形的)vessel(容器)isdesignedandmadebyourselves．3．Itispossiblethediscoveriesweremadeindependentlyindifferentplacesatdifferenttimes．4．Thetyres(轮胎)onthewheelsofearlycarsweremadeofironorsolidrubber．5．Rainbowsareformedwhensunlightpassesthroughsmalldropsofwaterinthesky．六、仍译成被动句1．thewords“work”and‘‘power’’areoftenconfusedorinterchaIlgedincolloquial（口语的、通俗的）use．2．Becauseofitscost，itislimitedinpracticaluse．3．Thedesignwillbeexaminedbyaspecialcommitteefirst．4．oncetheimpuritieshavebeenremovedtheactualreductiontothemetalisaneasystep．5．Elcctricityitselfhasbeenknowntomanforthousandsofyear.考研英语翻译练习1_被动17考研英语翻译练习1_被动1)WhethertheGovernmentshouldincreasethefinancingofpurescienceattheexpenseoftechnologyorviceversa(反之)oftendependsontheissueofwhichisseenasthedrivingforce.(95年考题)2)Oddthoughitsounds,cosmicinflationisascientificallyplausibleconsequenceofsomerespectedideasinelementary-particlephysics,andmanyastrophysicistshavebeenconvincedforthebetterpartofadecadethatitistrue.(98年)3）Whenthathappens,itisnotamistake:itismankind‘sinstinctformoralreasoninginaction,aninstinctthatshouldbeencouragedratherthanlaughedat.（97年）4）Thisseemsmostlyeffectivelydonebysupportingacertainamountofresearchnotrelatedtoimmediategoalsbutofpossibleconsequenceinthefuture.（96年）5）Howwellthepredictionswillbevalidatedbylaterperformancedependsupontheamount,reliability,andappropriatenessoftheinformationusedandontheskillandwisdomwithwhichitisinterpreted.（95年）6)Ingeneral,thetestsworkmosteffectivelywhenthequalitiestobemeasuredcanbemostpreciselydefinedandleasteffectivelywhenwhatistobemeasuredorpredictedcannotbewelldefined.（95年）参考答案1.政府是以减少技术的经费投入来增加纯理论科学的经费投入,还是相反,这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动的力量。2.宇宙膨胀说虽然听似奇特，但它是基本粒子物理学中一些公认的理论在科学上看来可信的推论。许多天体物理学家七八年来一直认为这一论说是正确的。3.这种反应并不错，这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用，这种本能应得到鼓励而不应遭到嘲弄。4.给某些与当前目标无关但将来可能产生影响的科研以支持，看来通常能有效地解决这一问题。5.这些测试在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适应性，以及解释这些信息的技能和才智。6.一般的说，当所要测定的特征能很精确界定时，测试最为有效；而当所要测定或预测的东西不能明确地界定时，测试的效果则最差。七、被动语态的译法法32英语英译汉练习2（2004年考研）文章大意：内容关于为什么哲学家长期以来对语言与思维的关系很感兴趣….文章大意：….古希腊人认识到语言与思维有关联….….两个著名人类学家、语言学家FranzBoas和EdwardSapir对人类语言研究方面做出的贡献….….Whorf通过分析部落语言的兴衰证明了语言与文化的不可分割性……(61)TheGreeksassumedthatthestructureoflanguagehadsomeconnectionwiththeprocessofthought,whichtookrootinEuropelongbeforepeoplerealizedhowdiverselanguagecouldbe.(62)Weareobligedtothembecausesomeoftheselanguageshavesincevanished,asthepeopleswhospokethemdiedoutorbecameassimilatedandlosttheirnativelanguages.(63)ThenewlydescribedlanguageswereoftensostrikinglydifferentfromthewellstudiedlanguagesofEuropeandSoutheastAsiathatsomescholarsevenaccusedBoasandSapiroffabricatingtheirdata.(64)Beinginterestedintherelationshipoflanguageandthought,Whorfdevelopedtheideathatthestructureoflanguagedeterminesthestructureofhabitualthoughtinasociety.(65)Whorfcametobelieveinasortoflinguisticdeterminismwhich,initsstrongestform,statesthatlanguageimprisonsthemind,andthatthegrammaticalpatternsinalanguagecanproducefar-reachingconsequencesforthecultureofasociety.英语英译汉练习2（2004年考研）参考答案(61)希腊人认为，语言结构与思维过程之间存在着某种联系，这一观点在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别之前早就已在欧洲扎下了根（早就扎根于欧洲了）。(62)我们(之所以)感激他们，是因为在此之后，这些语言中有一些已经不复存在了，或是因为说这些语言的人或是消亡了，或是被同化而丧失了自己的本族语言。(63)这些新被描述的语言与已得到充分研究的欧洲和东南亚地区的语言往往差别显著，以至于有些学者甚至指责Boas和Sapir编造了材料。(64)Whorf对语言与思维的关系很感兴趣，逐渐形成了这样的观点：在一个社会中，语言的结构决定习惯思维的结构。(65)Whorf进而相信某种类似语言决定论的观点，其极端说法是：语言禁锢思维，语言的语法结构能对一个社会的文化产生深远的影响。