搜索
被动语态（ThePassiveVoice)•一、运用被动语态的情景(Situations)•二、被动语态的结构与时态(StructureandTense)•三、被动语态举例(Examples)•四、主动变被动的方法(Method)（单宾、双宾、复合宾语、宾语从句）•五、没有被动语态的动词和词组(VerbsandPhrases)•六、ExercisesTombrokethewindow.（主动语态）①②③ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.（被动语态）③②①英语的谓语动词有两种语态主动语态被动语态（前者表示句子的主语为动作的发出者，后者表示句子的主语为动作的承受者。）从以上对比可以看出，主动句中的主语Tom在被动句中变成了短语byTom，主动句中的宾语thewindow变成了被动句中的主语。由于被动句中的主语即主动句中的宾语，因此，只有及物动词才有被动语态。一、运用被动语态的情景1.被动语态结构：be+过去分词(PP)+(by…)2.主动变被动应注意的情况：1.把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语;2.把动词变成“be+过去分词”;3.主动语态中的主语变为介词by的宾语。Theboybroketheglass.Theglasswasbrokenbytheboy.3.如何从主动语态变为被动语态？1.主语介词by宾语2.谓语be+pp3.宾语主语4.主动语态和被动语态结构对照表时态主动语态被动语态1一般现在时do/doesam/is/are+过去分词2一般过去时didwas/were+过去分词3一般将来时shall/will+动词原形shall/will+be+过去分词4过去将来时would+动词原形would+be+过去分词5现在进行时am/is/are+v-ingam/is/are+being+过去分词6过去进行时was/were+v-ingwas/were+being+过去分词7现在完成时have/has+过去分词have/has+been+过去分词8过去完成时had+过去分词had+been+过去分词9含情态动词情态动词+动词原形情态动词+be+过去分词10、动名词doingbeingdone11、不定式todotobedone注：1.被动语态的否定式和疑问式均由第一个be动词助动词或情态动词构成。2.人称和时态的变化体现在be动词上，而过去分词在任何时态中都不改变。5.被动语态举例①TheGreatWallwasbuiltmorethan2000yearsold.②AnewbridgeisbeingbuiltacrosstheChangjiangRiver.③Theprojectwill(isgoingto)befinishednextmonth.④Manytreeshavebeenplantedaroundthelake.⑤Oldpeopleshouldbetakencareof/lookedafter.⑥Bookscan’tbetakenoutofthelibrary.7.Nobodylikesbeinglaughedat.8.Nobodylikestobelaughedat.6.被动语态应注意的问题1.可接双宾语的动词带有双宾语的主动句，变被动句时，一般把“人”提前做主语；将“物”提前则要在“人”的前面加to或for.Eg:Igavehimabookyesterday.---Hewasgivenabook(byme)yesterday.---Abookwasgiventohim(byme)yesterday.2.带to不定式作宾语补足语的复合宾语ask/tell/allow/encourage/promise…sb.todosth.结构：①Peopleshouldallowteenagerstochoosetheirownclothes.Teenagerstochoosetheirownclothes.②Theyencourageustoplantmoretrees.Wetoplantmoretrees.shouldbeallowedareencouraged3、接动词原形做宾补的动词变被动语态使役动词(let,have,make等)或感官动词(see,hear,watch,等)在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式省略to，改为被动语态时一定要补上to。(记忆口诀：“使感动词”真奇怪，to在句中像妖怪，主动语态to走开，被动语态to回来。”)•①Iheardhimsinginthenextroom.•---Hesinginthenextroom.•②Theymadeusdoallkindsofwork.•---Wedoallkindsofwork..注：当使用see/hear/watchsbdoingsth时，变为被动语态时，doing不变。如：Isawhimgoingintotheshop.(主动)Hewasseengoingintotheshop.(被动)washeardtoweremadeto4、宾语从句•汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等常见的宾语从句句型。•It’ssaid/reported/believed/that…据说/报道/认为…•It’ssuggestedthat…有人建议…•It’swellknownthat…众所周知…•It’shopedthat…人们希望…。•eg:ItwasreportedthatitrainedheavilyinthesouthofChina.据报道5、没有被动语态的动词和词组1.不及物动词如happenappearbelongto;takeplace;breakout等无被动语态Atrafficaccident________(happen)justnow.2.连系动词无被动语态，如feelsmelllooksoundtaste等。PekingOpera_______(sound)beautiful3.表状态的动词无被动语态，如haveownfit.Ihaveabike.4.wash,write,sell,wear此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候，不用被动语态,常用副词well,easily修饰。Thebooksellswell.(这本书销路很好)Thisdresswasheseasily.(这衣服较好洗)Thepenwritessmoothly.（这支钢笔写起来很流畅）5.need,demand,want(需要）,require,beworth等后用动名词表被动。Thedeskneedsrepairing.Thenovelisworthseeing.注意：need后可接动名词表被动，又可接动词不定式的被动形式。：Thedeskneedsrepairing.Thedeskneedstoberepaired.【2013江苏常州】Thislisteningmaterial,togetherwithitsCD-ROMs,______well.A.sellsB.sellC.issoldD.aresold【解析】某些可以和well,easily,smoothly等副词连用的不及物动词如read,write,wash,clean,draw,cook,sell,lock,open等,且主语是非生命的名词或代词,用主动结构表被动含义。本句的主语为Thislisteningmaterial为第三人称单数;sellwell意为“畅销”。句意为“这个听力材料以及它的光盘很畅销。”故选A。【2013河南】—Excuseme.I'mlookingforBetheBestofYourself.—Sorry.Thebookyouaskfor______out.A.issellingB.issoldC.wassellingD.willbesold【解析】主语thebook和动词sell构成被动关系，又时态为一般现在时，因此用一般现在时的被动语态。答语句意“对不起，你要的书已售完”。故选B。【2013广西南宁】HanHan’sbooksarepopular.They_______bymanyteenagers.A.isreadB.wasreadC.arereadD.wereread【解析】由上句可知韩寒的书很受欢迎，用一般现在时；主语they是复数形式，故答案选C项。【2013湖北宜昌】—Atpresent,oneofthebestwaystostudyisworkingingroups.—Morechances_______tostudentstolearnfromeachother.A.offerB.areofferedC.haveofferedD.areoffering【解析】句子大意为“小组学习为学生提供了更多相互学习的机会”。“机会”和“提供”之间存在被动关系，须用被动语态。四个选项中，只有areoffered为被动语态。故选B。【2013湖北襄阳】—Didn’tyouseethesign“NoParking!”ontheright?—Sorry,Ididn’t.ButnowIknowparking_______here.A.wasn'tallowedB.isn'tallowedC.won'tallowD.doesn'tallow【解析】由上句中的“NoParking!”可知，停车不被允许，根据时间状语now可知，考察一般现在时态的被动语态，故选B。【2013广东梅州】Thechildwithoutparents______goodcareofbyhisteachersinthisspecialschool.A.istakenB.aretakenC.takeD.takes【解析】主语thechild与动词短语takecareof之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。故选A。【2013浙江宁波】—Haveyoufinishedyourproject?—Notyet.I’llfinishitifI_______tenmoreminutes.A.giveB.amgivenC.willgiveD.willbegiven【解析】句意“如果再给我十分钟我会完成它”，主语与动词give之间是被动关系，在条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。故选B。【2013湖北黄石】Thispairofshoes_______hand,andit______verycomfortable.A.ismadewith;isfeltB.aremadefrom;isfeltC.aremadeof;feelsD.ismadeby;feels【解析】句意:“这双鞋是由手工制成的，它感觉起来很舒服”,主语thispairofshoes不能执行谓语动词make,故用被动语态,且主语为第三人称单数形式,用ismadeby的被动结构;feel为连系动词,不能用被动语态，故选D。六、Exercises1、Jaysingsmanyfamoussongs.(被动语态）ManyfamoussongsJay.2、Hermothergaveheranewpen.(同义句）Anewpenherbyhermother.3、Ifhe(give)onemoreminute,he(finish)theexamyesterday.4、Thestudentismade(stand)thereforhalfanhour.5、Hewon’tgotobeduntilhishomework(finish).6、Theheatedicecreamscoops(invent)byaman(call)Lanmon.7、Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.(被动）Astrangerwalkintothebuilding.aresungbywasgiventoweregivenwouldfinishtostandisfinishedwereinventedcalledwasseento▲▲▲