文艺复兴 【英文】 Renaissance PPT

RenaissanceSpecialThanksToMs.StewartforthePowerPointAPSStandardsWHI.13ThestudentwilldemonstrateknowledgeofdevelopmentsleadingtotheRenaissanceinEuropeintermsofitsimpactonWesterncivilizationby:a.identifyingtheeconomicfoundationsoftheItalianRenaissance;b.sequencingeventsrelatedtotheriseofItaliancity-statesandtheirpoliticaldevelopment,includingMachiavelli’stheoryofgoverningasdescribedinThePrince;c.citingartistic,literary,andphilosophicalcreativity,ascontrastedwiththemedievalperiod,includingLeonardodaVinci,Michelangelo,andPetrarch;d.comparingtheItalianandtheNorthernRenaissance,andcitingthecontributionsofwriters.DoNowWriteadefinitionfortheword,‘rebirth’Lesson1ObjectivesSWBATidentifyfactorsthatcontributedtothebeginningoftheRenaissanceFactorsthatContributedtotheBeginningoftheRenaissance•Tradeandcommerceincreased•Citiesgrewlargerandwealthier•Newlywealthymerchantsandbankerssupportedthegrowthoftheartsandlearning•TheRenaissancewasanageofrecoveryfromthedisastersofthe14thcentury,suchastheplague,politicalinstability,andadeclineofChurchpower•Recoverywenthand-in-handwitharebirthofinterestinancientculture(e.g.,ancientGreeceandRome)•AnewviewofhumanbeingsemergedaspeopleintheItalianRenaissancebegantoemphasizeindividualabilityDoNowWhatwasoneofthefactorsthatcontributedtothebeginningoftheRenaissance?Lesson2ObjectivesSWBATdiscusswhattheRenaissancewasandwhereitbegan.SWBATsequenceeventsrelatedtotheriseofItaliancity-statesandtheirpoliticaldevelopment,includingMachiavelli’stheoryofgoverningasdescribedinThePrince.TheRenaissancewasaculturalmovementandatimeofrenewal(EuropewasrecoveringfromtheDarkAgesandtheBlackDeath/BubonicPlague)Renaissancemeans“rebirth”ofclassicalknowledgeand“birth”ofthemodernworld(newintellectualandartisticideasthatdevelopedduringtheRenaissancemarkedthebeginningofthemodernworld)WhatwastheRenaissance?WheredidtheRenaissancebegin?•Italy•ItalianCities•UrbanSocieties•MajorTradingCenters•SecularMovement•PeoplelosttheirfaithinthechurchandbegantoputmorefocusonhumanbeingsandmaterialpossessionsWhendidtheRenaissanceTakePlace?Roughlythe14thtothe17thcenturyHowdidtheCrusadescontributetotheRenaissance?Crusades(1095–1291)=ReligiouslysanctionedmilitarycampaignswagedbyRomanCatholicsagainstMuslimswhohadoccupiedtheneareastsincetheRashidunCaliphate(foundedafterMuhammad’sdeathin632,theRashidunCaliphatewasoneofthelargestempiresofthetimeperiod)IncreaseddemandforMiddleEasternproductsStimulatedproductionofgoodstotradeinMiddleEasternmarketsEncouragedtheuseofcreditandbankingTheBlackDeath:BubonicPlague•1330s-AnoutbreakofdeadlybubonicplagueoccurredinChina•Mainlyaffectsrodents,butfleascantransmitthediseasetopeople•Oncepeopleareinfected,theyinfectothersveryrapidly•Plaguecausesfever,painfulswellingofthelymphglands,andspotsontheskinthatareredatfirstandthenturnblack=BlackDeath•SinceChinawasoneofthebusiestoftheworld'stradingnations,itwasonlyamatteroftimebeforetheoutbreakofplagueinChinaspreadtowesternAsiaandEurope•In1347,ItalianmerchantshipsreturnedfromatriptotheBlackSea,oneofthekeylinksintradewithChina.WhentheshipsdockedinSicily(Italy),manyofthoseonboardwerealreadydyingofplague.•WithindaysthediseasespreadtothecityandthesurroundingcountrysideBubonicPlagueContinued•Afterfiveyears25millionpeopleweredead--one-thirdofEurope'spopulation.•Evenwhentheworstwasover,smalleroutbreakscontinued,notjustforyears,butforcenturies.Thesurvivorslivedinconstantfearoftheplague'sreturn,andthediseasedidnotdisappearuntilthe1600s.•Thediseasetookitstollonthechurchaswell.PeoplethroughoutChristendomhadprayeddevoutlyfordeliverancefromtheplague.Whyhadn'tthoseprayersbeenanswered?Anewperiodofpoliticalturmoilandphilosophicalquestioninglayahead.PoliticalIdeasoftheRenaissanceNiccolòMachiavelli(1469-1527)AnItalianPhilosopherandWriterbasedinFlorenceduringtheRenaissanceThePrince(Publishedin1532)Machiavellibelieved:“Onecanmakethisgeneralizationaboutmen:theyareungrateful,fickle,liars,anddeceivers,theyshundangerandaregreedyforprofit”Machiavelliobservedcity-staterulersofhisdayandproducedguidelinesforhowtogainandmaintainpower.AbsoluteRuleHefeltthatarulershouldbewillingtodoanythingtomaintaincontrolwithoutworryingaboutconscience.•Betterforarulertobefearedthantobeloved•Rulershouldbequickanddecisiveindecisionmaking•Rulerkeepspowerbyanymeansnecessary•Theendjustifiesthemeans•Begoodwhenpossible,andevilwhennecessaryToday,theterm“Machiavellian”referstotheuseofdeceitinpoliticsVideoClipDiscoveryEducation“ThePoliticsofThePrince”GuidedPracticeExcerptsfromMachiavelli’s,ThePrinceChapterXVIIWhetheritisbettertobelovedthanfearedChapterXVIIIHowrulersshouldkeeptheirpromisesDoNow:Lesson3AHowdidItaliancity-statesinfluencetheRenaissance?Lesson3ObjectivesSWBAT1)sequenceeventsrelatedtotheriseofItaliancity-statesandtheirpoliticaldevelopmentand2)identifytheeconomicfoundationsoftheItalianRenaissance(e.g.,explaintheimportanceofthegrowthoftowns,theriseofamoneyeconomy,andthedevelopmentofindependentcity-statestothebirthandspreadofRenaissanceideas)MajorItalianCity-StatesMilanVeniceFlorenceMilanOneoftherichestcities,itcontrolstrade