学术英语

UnderstandingAcademicEnglishAcademicWritingCourseContentsDefinitionofacademicwriting1Featuresofacademicwriting2Languagestyles/Degreeofformality3Waystowriteacademically4Practice5Whatisacademicwriting?DiscussionDescriptivewritingNarrativewritingExpositivewritingArgumentativewritingtermpaperslabreportsjournalpapersconferencepapersthesesanddissertationsliteraturereviewsEssaywritingResearchwritingresearchwriting—writingdonetogenerateandtodisseminateknowledgethatisproducedbyresearchArgumentativeresearchpaperAnalyticalresearchpaperFeaturesofacademicwriting?StructureIdeadevelopmentAnalyticapproachUseofsourcesExplicitnessLanguage→clearlystructured→logicallydeveloped→analytical→basedonsources→explicit→objective,cautiousandformalDiscussionWhatlanguagestyles?thefrozenstyletheformalstyletheconsultativestylethecasualstyletheintimatestyle庄严体正式体商议体随意体亲密体1)Mydearfatherhasjustexpired.2)Myoldmanjustkickedthebucket.3)Mydadhasdied.4)Mybelovedparenthasjustpassedtohisheavenlyreward.5)Myfatherhasjustpassedaway.---byMartinJoosReadandDecideFrozenFormalConsultativeCasualIntimate()()()()()ReadandDecideHuzzah!Wewon!Webeat‘em!Ha!BlueVampires.Theythinkthey’resogreat.Weshowed‘em.GoAardvarks!I’msogladforourteam,thegreatFightingAardvarks,andnowtogetherwecelebratethisvictory.TheFightingAardvarksclaimedvictoryovertheBlueVampiresinthefinalroundtonight.Bothteamscompetedwellandthefansareenthusiastic.Yuck!Ihatebroccoliwiththosenasty,stinkin’mushrooms.Whydowegottahavethesethingsagain,man?!I’dprefernottohavethisparticularvegetableagain,ifit’spossible.Doesanyonereallyenjoythiscombinationofmushroomsandbroccoli?Veryfewpeopleenjoythisbroccoliandmushroomdish.Therefore,itwillnotbeservedagainwithinthiscalendaryear,ortheserverswillbekilled.CasualtoneConsultativetoneFormaltoneReadandDecideIt’spossiblethatourpartymighthavetobepostponedorcanceledbecauseofthebadweatherthat’sthreateningourlocation.Duetotheinclementweather,theAnnualTattooPartywillnottakeplacethisThursdayatFinsterPark.Theplanningcommitteewillrescheduletheeventandreleaseinformationassoonaspossible.’causeit’stotallyraininglikecrazy!IndianaJonesfilmsarereallyverypopularwithyouragegroup.Criticscan’tdecidewhysuchanoldcharacterissoappealing.HollywoodisperplexedatthereasonsthatIndianaJonesissofavoredbysuchyoungaudiences.Theanswerremainsamystery.Sweeeet!IlovethoseIndianaJonesmovies!They’reawesomewiththewhipandthebugsandstuff.Everyonelovesthoseflicks!CasualtoneConsultativetoneFormaltoneReadandComparePassageAIthasbeennotedwithconcernthatthestockofbooksinthelibraryhasbeendecliningalarmingly.Studentsareaskedtoremindthemselvesoftherulesfortheborrowingandreturnofbooks,andtobearinmindtheneedsofotherstudents.Penaltiesforoverduebookswillinthefuturebestrictlyenforced.PassageBThenumberofbooksinthelibraryhasbeengoingdown.Pleasemakesureyouknowtherulesforborrowing,anddon'tforgetthatthelibraryisforeveryone'sconvenience.Sofromnowon,we'regoingtoenforcetherulesstrictly.Youhavebeenwarned.AnnouncementfromtheLibrarianDiscussionFeaturesof3tonesCasualtoneConsultativetoneAcademictoneincompleteandsimplesentencesthe1stor2ndpersonemotionalwordssmallwordsexclamationmarksabbreviatedformsslang/colloquialwordscasualfillers,suchas“youknow”,“well”etc.completeandsomewhatcomplexsentencesthe1stor2ndpersonemotionalwordsbigwordspassivevoicecontractedformsofverbscompleteandcomplexsentencesthe3rdpersonimpersonalwordsbigwordspassivevoicelogicalconnectivesPurposesofusing3tonestonespurposesCasualConsultativeAcademicDiscussionUsedfordailypersonalcommunication,usu.betweenfriendsandpeoplefamiliartoeachotherUsedforexpressingcommonopinions,attitudes,suggestionsandpersuasion,etc.Usedforacademicpurposes,suchaspublishingresearchresults,writingacademicpapers,etc.Howtowriteinaformalway?LexicalLevelSyntacticLevel1.Usebigandlongwords2.Avoidusingphrasalverbs3.Don’tusecolloquialandslangexpressions4.Useimpersonallanguage5.Usenominalizations6.Don’tuseclippedwordsandcontractions1.Uselongandcomplexsentencesratherthanshortones2.Useparticipialphrases3.UseNominativeabsoluteconstructions4.UsepassivevoiceratherthanactivevoiceverifyexaminepenetratedemonstrateconcludeeliminatediscovernumerousinvestigateintendWhichcolumnofthewordswillyouuseinyouracademicresearchpaper?formalInformalverifyexaminepenetratedemonstrateconcludeeliminatediscovernumerousinvestigateintendshowalotofendgetthroughmakesurelookatcarefullylookintomeangetridoftrytofindoutmakesurelookatcarefullygetthroughshowendgetridoftrytofindoutalotoflookintomeanP4-5Readandrewrite1.Researcherslookedatthewaystrainbuildsuparoundageologicalfault.2.Lotsofjoblossisjustonethingresultingfromautomation.3.WhenyoureadHamlet,youshouldnoticeclearforeshadowingofeventstotranspire.4.Scientistsdiscoveredhowtofuseatoms.Thisledtothedevelopmentoftheatomicbomb.5.Whenthecaptainheardastormwascoming,hedecidedtoputoffthevoyage.ReadandrewritethefollowingsentencesinanacademicvoiceResearchersexaminedthewaystrainintensifiesaroundageologicalfault.Widespreadunemploymentison