20162510ChinaCancer,2016,Vol.25,No.10:2015-10-11;:2016-02-05:(81372407):,E-mail:347952582@qq.com,,(,430060):,、、、。、、。,。:;;:R730.3:A:1004-0242(2016)10-0794-05doi:10.11735/j.issn.1004-0242.2016.10.A010TumorMicroenvironmentalChangeinCancerIm-muneToleranceSONGQi-bin,CHUYu-xin,HUQin-yong(CancerCenter,RenminHospitalofWuhanUniversity,Wuhan430060,China)Abstract:Tumormicroenvironmentisthespecialenvironmentofcancercells,whichcom-prisestumorstromal,adjacentcells,vessel,surroundingimmunecellsandmolecules.Tu-mormicroenvironmentalchangeplaysavitalroleincancerprogress,invasion,metastasis,andimmunetolerance.Furtherinvestigationoftumormicroenvironmentchangemayclarifythemechanismoftumorimmunetolerance,andinvestigatemoreeffectiveimmunotherapy.Keywords:tumormicroenvironment;immunetolerance;cancercell(tumormicroenvironment,TME),、、、[1]。[2]。。(cancer-associatedfibroblast,CAF)、(tumorassociatedmacrophage,TAM)、(bonemarrowde-rivedcell,BMDC)、、、[1]。(intercellularadhesionmolecule1,ICAM1)、(vascularcelladhesionmolecule1,VCAM1)、(integrin)、1α(hypoxiainducedfactor1α,HIF1α)、(vascularendothelialgrowthfactor,VEGF)、12(chemokine(CXCmotif)ligand12,CXCL12)、TGFβ、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10GM-CSF[3,4]。、,。,[4]。,,,。11.1(extracellularmatrix,ECM),、、、,79420162510ChinaCancer,2016,Vol.25,No.10,,[5]。ECM,,ECM,。ECM,ECM,[6]。,ECM[7]。,ECM,[8]。,ECM,ECM、[9]。,,[10]。ECM,,(matrixmetallopeptidas-es,MMP),[11]。,ECM。1.21.2.1(cancer-associatedfibrob-last,CAF),“”,,,、、[12]。,,,。,CAF,。,,CAF[13,14]。,miR-27a/bTGF-βα-SMA,[15]。CAF,,,(hepatocytegrowthfactor,HGF)、6(interleukin6,IL-6)、(PDGF)、(stromalcell-derivedfactor1,SDF-1)(vascularendothelialgrowthfactor,VEGF)[16]。,CAF,NF-κB,,[17]。CAFSDF-1。SDF-1αCXCR4,SDF-1/CXCR4,,,CXCR4[18]。,G/EGFR/ERKβ1-,,CAF。β1-integrin,SrcAKT,CAF,-。,CAF,[19]。1.2.2(tumorassociatedmacrophage,TAM),、、。TAM,M-CSF、VEGF、CCL-2、CCL-5,COX-2/PGE-2/TGF-β/VEGF[20]。TAM,,IL-10IL-12Th2,VEGF、PDGF、MMP、TGF-β,[21]。TAM,,TAM,,M2[22]。,TAM[23]。TAM、、,(epidermalgrowthfactor,EGF)、(vascularendothelialgrowthfactor,VEGF)、(platelet-derivedgrowthfactor,PDGF)CXCLCCL[24]。,TAMTGF-βIL-10,[25]。TAMs(naturalkiller,NK),NK[26]。1.2.3(myeloid-derivedsuppressor79520162510ChinaCancer,2016,Vol.25,No.10cell,MDSC),DC、。(tumorderivedfactor,TDF),,MDSC,,[27]。MDSC,(basicfibroblastgrowthfactor,bFGF)、TGF-β、VEGFA[28]。MDSCT,,T[29]。MDSC(Mφ)NK。,、、IL-10,,2Mφ(M2),[30]。2。,,[31]。,TME[32]。(pro-angio-genesisfactor)(anti-angiogenesisfactor),,,。、、,[33]。。、(tumor-associatedmacrophage,TAM)(cancerassociatedfibroblast),。VEGFA、、[34]。(tumorassociatedendothelialcells,TEC),。,CXCR7TEC,ERK1/2[35]。,CXCR7CXCL12,TEC,。CXCL12/CXCR7TEC、、。,CXCL12/CXCR7[35]。33.1Koneru[36],(tumorinfiltratinglymphocyte,TIL),CD2、CD8,,T。,TIL-1(programmeddeath-1,PD-1),PD-1TIL[37]。3.2(dendriticcell,DC)、、,(tu-morinfiltrativedendriticcell,TIDC)[38]。DC,TIDCB7-H1,,B7-H1,T[39]。IL-10、IL-6、GM-CSF、TGF-β1、VEGFDC[40]。3.3,TGF-β1、PGE2、VEGF、IL-10、IL-6、IL-4、、、、、NK、DCIL-10、IL-6、TNF-α、COX-2,[41]。,,,。,,79620162510ChinaCancer,2016,Vol.25,No.10,。:[1]BarkerHE,PagetJT,KhanAA,etal.Thetumormi-croenvironmentafterradiotherapy:mechanismsofresis-tanceandrecurrence[J].NatureReviewsCancer,2015,15(509):409-425.[2]BlehmBH,JiangN,KotobukiY,etal.DeconstructingtheroleoftheECMmicroenvironmentondrugefficacytar-getingMAPKsignalinginapre-clinicalplatformforcu-taneousmelanoma[J].Biomaterials,2015,56:129-139.[3]KiddS,SpaethE,WatsonK,etal.Originsofthetumormicroenvironment:quantitativeassessmentofadipose-de-rivedandbonemarrow-derivedstroma[J].PLoSOne,2012,7(2):e30563.[4]HuiL,ChenY.Tumormicroenvironment:sanctuaryofthedevil[J].CancerLetters,2015,368(1):7-13.[5]KlemmF,JoyceJA.Microenvironmentalregulationoftherapeuticresponseincancer[J].TrendsCellBiol,2015,25(4):198-213.[6]LuP,WeaverVM,WerbZ.Theextracellularmatrix:adynamicnicheincancerprogression[J].JCellBiol,2012,196(4):395-406.[7]FriedlP,AlexanderS.Cancerinvasionandthemicroen-vironment:plasticityandreciprocity[J].Cell,2011,147(5):992-1009.[8]WeaverVM,LelièvreS,LakinsJN,etal.Beta4integrin-de-pendentformationofpolarizedthree-dimensionalarchitec-tureconfersresistancetoapoptosisinnormalandmalignantmammaryepithelium[J].CancerCell,2002,2(3):205-216.[9]SunY.Translationalhorizonsinthetumormicroenvi-ronment:harnessingbreakthroughsandtargetingcures[J].MedResRev,2015,35(2):408-436.[10]LeventalKR,YuH,KassL,etal.Matrixcrosslinkingforcestumorprogressionbyenhancingintegrinsignaling[J].Cell,2009,139(5):891-906.[11]SunY.Tumormicroenvironmentandcancertherapyresis-tance[J].CancerLett,2015Aug10.[Epubaheadofprint][12]YanJ,CaoS.Cancer-associatedfibroblastanditsroleintumorigenesisandtumorprogress[J].JournalofCancerControlandTreatment,2014,27(6):289-292.[,.[J].,2014,27(6):289-292.][13]QuailDF,JoyceJA.Microenvironmentalregulationoftu-morprogressionandmetastasis[J].NatMed,2013,19(11):1423-1437.[14]SongT,DouC,JiaY,etal.TIMP-1activatedcarcinoma-associatedfibroblastsinhibittumorapoptosisbyactivatingSDF1/CXCR4signalinginhepatocellularcarcinoma[J].Oncotarget,2015,6(14):12061-12079.[15]TanakaK,MiyataH,SugimuraK,etal.miR-27isassociatedwithchemoresistanceinesophagealcancerthroughtrans-formationofnormal