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英语发展史2OldEnglish1OriginofEnglish3MiddleEnglish4ModernEnglish5ThedifferencebetweenoldEnglishandmodernEnglish录目CONTENTSOriginofEnglishOriginofEnglish450A.DJutescapturedmostlandinBritainAnglo-SaxonsconqueredCeltsThenEnglishEng-landLandofAnglesJutesLanguageKentish(EastandSouth)AngloLanguage(mostused)(MiddleandNorth)SaxonsLanguage(WestandSouth)OldEnglish（450-1150）ThegrammarissimilartoGermane.g.Water(O.E)=wasser(German)Twoimportantevents1.HavingLatinwords,becauseofearliermerchantsfromRomeandthecomingofChristiane.g.pipor(O.E)=pepper(Mi.E)=piper(Latin)2.InvasionoftheNorthmen(Scandinavianvikings)inthe9thcenturye.g.lagu(O.E)=law(Mi.E)=lag(oldNorse)Complicatedchangeofwords’shapee.g.mona(=moon)wasmasculine,whilesunne(=sun)wasfeminineandtungol(=star)wasneuterOldEnglishItistheearliesthistoricalformoftheEnglishlanguage,spokeinEnglandandsouthernandeasternScotlandintheearlyMiddleAges.ItwasbroughttoGreatBritainbyAnglo-Saxonsettlersprobablyinthemiddle5thcenturyOldEnglishhadfourmaindialects：Mercian,Northumbrian,KentishandWestSaxon.MiddleEnglish——（1150-1450）TheNormanInvasion(WilliamtheConqueror)in1066startedacontinualflowofFrenchwordsintoEnglish.DuringtheMiddleEnglishperiodthesituationofthreelanguagesexistingsimultaneouslycontinuedforoveracentury,say,Frenchbytheofficials,Latinbychurchoruniversities,EnglishbytheEnglishcommonpeople.Bytheendofthe13thcenturyEnglishgraduallyregainedsocialstatuswithJohnWyclifftranslationoftheBibleintoEnglishandthewritingsofChaucer,Langlandandothers.Between1250and1500approximately9,000wordsofFrenchoriginpouredintoEnglish.Seventy-fivepercentofthemarestillinusetoday.MiddleEnglishretainedmuchfewerinflection.OldEnglishwasalanguageoffullendings,andMiddleEnglishwasoneoftheleveledendings.(Indetails)Renaissancc▲WilliamShakespeareinventedabout2000newwordsandphrasesinRenaissancc.DuringtheMiddleEnglishperiod,alargenumberofborrowedwordsofdifferentoriginscameintoEnglish.ThedifferencebetweenoldEnglishandmodernEnglish语音上：古词nama[nama]，现在name[neim]古词fot[fot]，现在foot[fut]古词hus[hus]，现在house[haus]语法上：古语名词分阳阴中性。比如scip（今ship）是中性，修饰它的形容词也要用中性形式。古词的变形也差好远，代词以外的名词都有主格，宾格，与格，属格。stan阳性（今stone）单数主格复数主格stanas而scip的复数主格是scipu而现代英语的复数基本只是加sThedifferencebetweenoldEnglishandmodernEnglish今天的动词最多几个变形writewriteswrotewrittenwritedwriting而古代动词复杂得多了。lufian(今love)lufielufastlufiathlufathlufodelufodestlufiendelufalufienlufodongelufod词汇上：真正英国人本族的词汇（古日耳曼语词汇）被抛弃了太多。如今英语百分之八十以上的词汇来自法语，还有间接或直接来自拉丁语，希腊语。THANKYOU