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2020/3/9美国种族问题Americanracialproblemsomeasrefugeessu!Ulikemostotherpeoples,Americansareprimarilyanationofimmigrants.Thecitzensortheirancestorsimmigratedfrommanypartsoftheglobesomeasadventuressomefleeingsomeascaptives2020/3/9TheUnitedstateswasfoundedontheprincipleofhumanequality,butinthefactthenationhasfallenfarshortofthatideal.Americansocietyisastratifiedone,inwhichpower,wealth,andprestigeareunequallydistributedamongthepopulation.Thisequalityisnotsimplyamatterofdistinctionsbetweengenderandsocialclasses,ittendstofollowracialandethniclinesaswell,withtheresultthatclassdivisionsoftenparallelracialdivisions.2020/3/9AfterthesuccessfulofthefirstAnglo-SaxonfromnorthwestenEuropequicklytookcontrolofeconomicassetsandpoliticalpowerintheUnitedStates,andtheymaintainedthiscontrol,togreaterorlesserdegree,eversince.SuccessivewavesofimmigratesfromothepartsoftheworldstruggledlongandhardtoassimilatedintothemainstreamofAmericanlife.Howeveronlypartofthemsucceededandsharedinthe''Americandream'';othersbecauseofthedifferentethnicorracialcharacteristics(mostfromdominantgroups)havrbeenexcludedandcouldn'tparticipatefulllyinAmericanlife.TheresultisthatthisdiscriminationhasbeenasevereandcontinuingracialtensionintheU.S,Particularlysincethecivivalrightsdemons,gehettoriots,andotherunrestinthe1960s,raceandethnicrelationshavebeenamajorpreoccupationofsocialscientists,politiciansandthegeneralpublic.2020/3/9IntheUnitedStates,exceptthedominantwhiteAnglo-SaxonPotestantothergroupsareminoritygroupinAmericansociety.Thheseracialandethnicminoritiesmainlyrefersto:NativeAmericansBlacksAmeicanIndiansAsianAmericansHispanicsAndalltheseracialgroupssufferfromdiscriminationandinjustice.Andtheproblemshaveattractedthemostpublicattention:theblacks(Afro-Americans)2020/3/9Afro-AmericansAfro-Americansusedtobethelargestoftheracialandenthnicminorities.Butrecentcensusshousthattheyarenowthesecondlargest,aftertheHispanics.Thepopulation:In2004,accoutfor12.3%over25.2million,11.7%Theirhistoryhasbeenoneofsustainedoppression,discrimination,anddenialofbasiccivilrightsandliberties.WhenandwhythefirstAfricanswerebroughttoNorthAmerican?Howtheyweretreated?•In1519•Fortheircheaplabor•ShippedinwretchedlycrowedconditionstotheCaribbeanandthentotheUnitedStates.•Soldlikecattleatauction•Andthewhiporthelynchmobservedtoassertsocialcontroloverslaveswhochanllengedtheestablishedorder.黑人的数量多了，他们开始反抗这种不公平的待遇，开始有了各种不同的反抗运动，视频，然后将他们在运动中取得成绩已及这种歧视没有彻底的消除到现状查黑人制度延续设及一小部分北美战争查黑人数量查黑人In1830,theNorthernstateshadallabolishedtheslavery,butSouthernstatesendedituntilin1863bytheCivilWar,Lincoln'semancipationofslavesandtheAmendmenttotheConstitutionin1865.Aftertheabolitionofslavery,theywerestillsufferedthediscriminationinmanyways:•Manystatespassedsegregationlawstokeeptheraceapart(schools,housing,restaurant,andotherpublicfacikities)•inthelowest-paidjobs,•keeptblacksoffthevoters'sroll,•preventedtheirpoliticalrights)•查美国1960s黑人运动及其取得成就ThecurrentstatusofAfro-AmericansItpresentsamixedpictures.Althoughtheychievedcinsiderablesuccess,therearestillunequalityforblacks.•Ulikemostotherpeoples,Americansareprimarilyanationofimmigrants.Thecitzensortheirancestorsimmigratedfrommanypartsoftheglobe——•someasrefugees•someasadventures•somefleeing•someascaptivesForthesepeoplecametoAmericanindifferentwaysandfordifferentpurposes.TheyshareacommonAmericanculture,butthenationcontainsmanyracialandenthnicconflictswhichhavebeenpersistentsocialproblemtoUSsociety.2020/3/9•In1963,thisman,Dr.MartinLutherKingJr.,expressedhisvisioninthefamousspeech,IHaveaDream.Butthedream-rootedintheAmericanDream-wasn'treallynew.Fromthebeginning,thisnationofimmigrantswelcomedpeopledesiringfreedomandanewstart.However,thecomingtogetherofdifferentracesandethnicgroupscreatedsometensions.TheearlyAmericans(exceptforthenativeIndians)werealmostallwhiteEuropeans.Asmoreimmigrantsarrived,Europeangroupsfitintosocietyeasily.Othersfounditmoredifficult.2020/3/9•这个人,马丁路德.金恩博士,在一九六三年的一篇有名的演讲我有一个梦当中表达了他的理想.其实这个根植于美国梦的理想,并不是个完全新潮的主意.从一开始,这个由移民所组成的国家,便欢迎渴望自由和新开始的人来到.但是,不同种族的到来亦带来了紧张的气氛.早期的美国人(除了印地安原住民之外)几乎全是来自欧洲的白人.当更多的移民抵达时,欧洲团体较容易适应这个社会,其它团体则较感困难.2020/3/9•Blackpeopleweretheonlyimmigrantswhodidn'tchoosetocometoAmerica.Forhundredsofyears,AfricansweretakenfromtheirhomestobeslavesintheNewWorld.EvenGeorgeWashingtonandThomasJeffersonhadslaves.Thephraseallmenarecreatedequaldidn'tapplytoblacksintheirday.TheendoftheCivilWarfinallybroughtfreedomtotheslavesin1865,butblacksstillhadalowerpositioninsociety.ManySouthernstatespracticedsegregationtokeepblacksintheirplace.Blacksandwhiteswenttodifferentschools,ateatdifferentrestaurants,evendrankfromdifferentwaterfountains2020/3/9•黑人是唯一非出于自愿而到美国来的移民.几百年以来,非洲人自其家园被迫带到新世界为奴.即使乔治.华盛顿和汤玛士.杰弗逊也曾蓄奴.那句人类生而平等的话,在他们的时代并不适用于黑人.一八六五年,南北战争的结束终于为黑奴带来自由,但是黑人的社会地位仍然较低.许多南方的州实行种族隔离政策以使黑人不会跨越界限.黑人和白人上不同的学校,在不同的餐馆吃饭,甚至连喝水都用不同的饮水机.2020/3/9•TheCivilRightsMovementinthe1950sand1960shelpedblackpeoplesecuremanyoftherightspromisedintheConstitution.A1954SupremeCourtdecisionruledthatsegregationhadnoplaceinpublicschools.Gradually,Americaneducationbecamemorefair.In1955,RosaParks