主谓一致--语法一致原则

1主谓一致教案一、语法一致原则Readingbooksinbedisabadhabit..onthedeskaretwobooks.二）意义一致原则有时，主语和谓语动词的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义，而不是语法上的单、复数形式，这样的一致关系就是意义一致。例如：MyfamilywatchTVaftersupper.Theunitedstatesisadevelopedcountry.thispairoftrouserscostsfiftydollars.三）就近原则有时，谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语。例如：eithermygrandsonsortheirfatheriscoming.Thereissomebreadandsomecakesonthetable.二、以集合名词做主语的主谓一致问题有些集合名词，class,crew,crowd,family,audience,government,group,mob,staff,team,unioncommittee,这类名词作主语的主谓一致问题往往遵循“意义一致”原则。例如：thepresentgovernmentistryingtocontrolinflation.theschoolstaffareexpectedtosuperviseschoolmeals.（一）通常作复数的集体名词包括police,people,cattle,militia,vermin等，这些集体名词通常用作复数。例如：（二）通常作不可数名词的集体名词包括baggage,luggage,jewellery,poultry，machinery,equipment,furniture,clothing,merchandise等allthemachineryinthefactoryismadeinchina.四、以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题（一）以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语的主谓一致问题如：arthritis,（关节炎）bronchitis,（肺炎）measles（麻疹）diabetes,mumps,phlebitis,rickets,这类以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语时，谓语动词通常用作单数。例如：measlesusuallyoccursinchildren.（三）以-s结尾的地理名称作主语的主谓一致问题如theunitedstates，thenetherlands，因其是单一政治实体，所以谓语动词用作单数。例如：但如果是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语，谓语动词用作复数。例如：thehimalayashaveamagnificentvarietyofplant.theniagarafallsareperhapsthemostsplendidwaterfallintheworld.（四）以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语的主谓一致问题某些以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语时，如physics,mathematics,mechanics,politicsstatistics,economics,physicsisafundamentalsubjectinscience.thethirdworldeconomicsispromising.（五）其它以-s结尾的名词的主谓一致问题3)表示成双成套的名词，如：chopsticks(筷子),compasses,clothes,glasses,jeans,scissors,shoes,socks,trousers,gloves,shorts等，作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式；但如与akindof,apairof,thatpairof,aseriesof连用，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：twopairsofscissorsaremissingfrommytoolbox.2thecontentsofthebookaremostamusing.五、如果句子的主语是并列结构，其主谓一致问题通常遵循以下原则：（一）由and/both...and连接的并列主语的主谓一致问题由and/both...and连接的并列结构作主语，可根据主语的意义决定谓语动词的单、复数形式。例如：Butterandbreadironandsteelwarandpeacefishandchips当and连接的并列名词词组带有each，every,no,manya等限定词时，谓语动词通常用单数。例如：（二）由or/nor/either...or连接的并列主语的主谓一致问题由or,nor,either...or,neither...nor,notonly...butalso连接的并列结构作主语（三）主语+介词当主语后面跟有由ratherthan,insteadof,morethan,aswellas,,with,alongwith,togetherwith,except,besides,but,inadditionto,apartfrom,including,concerning等引导的词组时，六、以表示数量概念的名词词组作主语的主谓一致问题当主语为表示确定数量的名词词组时，如果数量概念被看做一个整体，动词用单数，如果被看做组成该数量的个体，动词用复数。例如：threeweekshavepassed,buttwoweeksarestillleftthereweresixsilverdollarsineachofthestockings.如果作主语的名词词组是由“分数/百分数+of”词组构成，allof,someof,halfof,mostof,其动词形式取决于of词组中名词的类别。例two-thirdsofthepeoplepresentisagainsttheplan.Alloftheworkhasbeendone两数相减或相除，谓语动词用单数；两数相加或相乘，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。例如：sixtyminusseventeenleavesforty-three.forty-twodividedbysixisseven.sixandpluseightmakes/makefourteen.sixtimeseightis/areforty-eight.如果主语由onein/oneoutof+复数名词构成，在正式语体中，动词用单数。例如：oneintenstudentshaspassedtheexamination.oneoutoftwelvebottleswasleftintact.如果主语由Oneortwodays、onedayortwo/oneandahalfdays/one/adayandahalfdayOneandahalfapples________(leave)onthetable.如果主语是由“manya+/morethanone+名词用单数。例如：manyamanhashisownresponsibility.morethanoneshipwaslostthisyear.同位语原则Eachofthestudents______(take)anactivepartintheEnglishcontest.weeach______(take)anactivepartintheEnglishcontest.4）the+adj.表示一类人或物做主语时如the+blind,deaf,living,dead,wounded,poor,richold,young等5)the+姓的复数形式表一家人TheGreenswerewatchingTVwhenafirebrokeout3)主语从句、动词不定式、动名词形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Lookingafterthechildrenismyfulltimejob.3Todieforthepeopleisaworthydeath.9）由some,any,no,every+one/thing/body所构成的不定代词做主语时，谓语用单数Nobodywantstogothere.Somethinghasbeendonetoendthestrike.2）单、复数同形的名词作主语时，按意义一致的原则。作单数意义时，谓语动词用单数，反之谓语动词用复数。这类名词有：sheep,fish,deer,means(方法),species(种类),works(工厂),10)倒装句中，必须认准哪是主语。如：1)Betweenthetwobuildings___(stand)amonument.2)Ontheship(be)over2,200people.3)Morethan1,500peoplelosttheirlives.Amongthose(be)theyoungwoman.12).all做主语表示人时，谓动用复数；若表物，谓动则用单数。13Oneortwo+n(p)+V(p)a+n(s)+ortwo+V(s)一两个…Oneortwostudentswerelateforclass.Onestudentortwowaslateforclass.15)Oneandahalf+n(p)+V(s)a+n(s)andahalf+V(s)一个半……16.oneofthestudents,theonly/veryoneofthestudents.17.anumberof+n（复数）thenumberof+n（复数）18.alargequantityof+c/u+谓语单数largequantitiesof+c/u+谓语复数19).Such作主语Suchisourplan.Sucharemywords.20)主语从句、动词不定式、动名词形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Lookingafterthechildrenismyfulltimejob.Todieforthepeopleisaworthydeath.