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土壤与土壤资源学常用专业词汇(一)土壤矿物质固氮菌diazotroph矿物mineral(四)土壤理化性质石英quartz土壤物理性质soilphysicalproperties长石feldspar质地texture岩石rock粒组soilseparate花岗岩granite砂质sandy风化(作用)weather壤质loam粘土clay(minerals)粘质clay母质parentmaterial/subsoil粘重heavy苏达soda砾石gravel石灰lime土壤结构soilstructure土壤soil团粒granular土体solum土壤孔隙系统soilporesystem云母mica孔隙度porosity(二)土壤有机质土壤容重bulkdensity/apparentdensity有机质organicmatter土壤比重particledensity泥炭peat土壤湿度状况soiltemperatureregime腐殖质humus土壤通气性soilaeration凋落物litter土壤水soilwater林褥forestfloor土壤湿度soilmoisture积累accumulate/deposit含水量soilmoisturecontent分解decomposition/decompose水势waterpotential矿化mineralization毛细作用capillary(三)土壤生物土壤颜色soilcolor土壤生物体soilorganism蒙塞尔土壤色卡土壤动物(区系)soilfaunaMunsellSoilColorChart细菌bacteria土壤化学性质真菌fungi(ploffungus)soilchemistryproperties藻类algae氧化-还原(作用)oxidation-reduction土壤植物(区系)soilmicroflora胶体colloid蚯蚓earthworm吸附adsorption蚁ant阳离子交换量螨mitecationexchangecapacity根际therhizosphere阴离子交换anionexchange根瘤rootnodule/roottubercle盐基饱和度saltbasepercentage/菌根mycorhizabase-saturationpercentage土壤酶soilenzyme土壤反应(pH)soilreaction(pH)酸性acid不完全性肥料incompletefertilizer酸度acidity厩肥stablemanure(长效肥料)碱化alkalinization粪便excrement碱性的alkaline(碱土)鸟粪guano/gwa:neu/碱度alkalinity骨粉bonemeal(六)养分、肥料及肥力堆（沤）制（作堆肥）compost土壤养分soilnutrient草皮turf营养元素nutrientelement草炭peat大量元素macro-element草木灰ash微量元素micro-/traceelement石灰lime氮nitrogen石膏gypsum水解氮hydrolysablenitrogen硝酸盐肥料nitrate硝态氮nitratenitrogen过磷酸盐肥料superphosphate氨态氮ammoniumnitrogen钾盐肥料kainite磷phosphorus（七）土壤发生与分布分类有效磷availablephosphorus风化作用weathering钾potassium土壤发育（发生）钙calciumpedogenesis/soildevelopment/genesis/formation镁magnesium土壤发生因素factorofsoildevelopment硫sulphur土壤发育过程processesof铁iron淋溶（作用）leaching/eluviation铝aluminium沉积deposit锰manganese淀积illuviate(soil专用)土壤养分供应soilnutrientsupply沉淀（沉降）precipitation土壤肥力soilfertility（水）饱和saturate肥料fertilizerormanure还原（条件）reductionorreducingcondition施肥fertilizationormanure潜育gleys吸收absorptionoruptake好气条件aerobics（pl）（condition）空中施肥（飞机）aerialfertilization累积accumulation叶面施肥foliarfertilization富集（积）enrichment/concentration缺乏deficiency锈斑mottling缺氮nitrogendeficiency杂色的、斑驳的mottled缺钾potassiumdeficiency过滤percolate肥料效果responseto/effectoffertilizer土壤剖面soilprofile土壤植物诊断soilandplantdiagnosis剖面发育profiledevelopment可见症状visualsymptom发生层horizon（layer）化肥fertilizer有机质层organiclayer完全性肥料completefertilizer腐殖质层humuslayer绿肥（作物）green-maturecrops矿质土层mineralhorizonA、B、C层A、B、Chorizon土地经营landmanagement淋溶层eluvialhorizon地力分级landclassification淀积层illuvialhorizon立地site潜育层gleyinghorizon立地指数siteindex土壤分布soildistribution深翻ripping地带性土壤zonalsoils松土`scarifying/ai/非地带性土壤（在内）intrazonalsoil土壤改良soilreclamation/improvement土壤带soilstripes/ai/土壤保持soilconservation土壤复域soilcomplex荒地virginland土壤分类soilclassification开荒reclamation土壤分类系统soiltaxonomy/k`sc/orsystem工程防治（水保）mechanicalcontrol诊断层diagnostichorizon生物防治（水保）biologicalcontrol分类单元categories沟渠clinch土纲soilorder（九）地质地貌土类greatgroup风化残渣residuen.亚类group（subgroup）残积土residualsoil淋溶土Alfisols底土subsoil旱成土Aridisols沉积物depositsediment新成土Entisols冲积物alluvialmaterial有机土Histosols冲积砂fluvialsand始成土Inceptisols冲积土alluvialsoil软土Mollisols冰川glacier氧化土Oxisols冻土glacialsoil灰土（灰壤）Spodosols松散岩石(母质)unconsolidatedrocks老成土Ultsols非破碎岩石uncrambledrocks变性土Vertisols山脉mountainrange暗棕壤DarkBrownForestSoil山脊(山岭)mountainridge草甸土Meadowsoil坡地slope沼泽土Bogsoil坡度fallinggradient/ei/石质土Lithosolsoil陡steep/缓gentle（八）土壤管理分水岭watershed耕作cultivateortillage谷地valley灌溉irrigation盆地basin排水drain（n、-age）洼地lowlandordepressionorloblolly放牧pasture平原plain集约（精耕）intensive平地flatland肥力保持maintainsoilfertility沙丘dune/ju:/轮作croprotation漫滩(泛湿地)floorplain排污wastedischarge山洪torrent沼泽(泥沼)marsh/swamp/bog污水净化sewagepurification人为搅动土disturbedsoil烂泥sludges(十)土壤环境学（化学）组成composition旱化droughtorxeric微生物转化microbiologicaltransformation水淹floodoroverflow中毒水平toxiclevel侵蚀erosion农药污染pesticidepollution可蚀性erodibility杀虫剂pesticide生荒的virgin杀菌剂细菌bactericide真菌fungicide精耕的(集约)intensive除草剂herbicide开垦reclamation残留residue土壤改良soilimprovementoramelioration/oramendment降解、净化degradationv.-de硬化(板结)compact富营养化eutrophia水利waterconservancy生物富集biotic-enrichment/beneficiation水土保持soilandwaterconservation放射性物质（废物）radioactivewastes废气dischargeoreffluentgas废水sewage/effluent/wastewater土壤污染soilpollution/contamination废渣fagend/wasteslag/industrialsedimentorwaste重金属heavymetal工业三废threeindustrialwaste元素element环境保护environmentalprotection环境背景值(本底值)backgroundlevels环境监测environmentalmonitoring汞mercury环境危害environmentalhazard镉cadmium环境标准----standard/criteria（评价）铅lead环境评价---criticize/assayment/evaluate污水/下水道sewage；工业effluents污水净化sewagepurification污灌sewagefarm污染生物指数boiticindexofpollution二氧化硫sulfurdioxide/dai`eksaid/（十一）土壤分析常用词酸雨acidrain/precipitation消化digestion大气沉降atmosphericdeposition（fallout）稀释dilution环境污染物environmentalpollutant萃取extraction危害(危险)hazard萃取剂extractant（剂）extract（物）剧毒highlytoxic渗透osmosis毒害、毒物poison渗漏percolation浓缩、富集enrichment/concentrate扩散diffusion工业废物（残渣）industrialsediment过滤filter废物处理wastedisposal分析analysis测定determination原子吸收光谱atomicabsorptionspectrometry分光计spectrometer蒸馏distillation光谱spectrum补遗词汇过磷酸钙superphosphate磷酸铵ammoniumphosphate氨ammonia尿素urea基肥basemanure追肥topapplicationordressing随机区组randomize