《英美概况》教学辅助美国部分

TheAmericandreamtraditionallystemsfromimmigration,inwhichimmigrantscametoAmericaseekingabetterlife;makingadecentlivingandexperiencingreligiousandsocialfreedoms.InmodernAmerica,thetermisusedbymanytosignifysuccessinlifeasaresultofhardwork.Lesson5GreetAmericaTheAmericanDreamisasubjectivetermwithausuallylargerconnotationoflivingameaningful,successfulandsatisfyinglife.Thistermusually,butnotalways,impliesfinancialsecurityandmaterialism,butcanalsoimplyadreamoffame,exceedingsocial,ethnic,orclassboundaries,ortheabilitytoleadafulfillinglife.TheAmericandreamislargelybuiltonpersonalfreedomsguaranteedintheBillofRights,andthesuccessofcapitalisminAmerica.ThesymbolofAmericanDreamTheStatueofLibertywasformanyimmigrantsthefirstglimpseoftheUnitedStates.ItsignifiesfreedomandpersonallibertyandisiconicoftheAmericanDream.America:CountryandPeopleTheStateofHawaiiisanislandgroupsituatedinthenorthernPacificOcean,about2,400mi(3,900km)fromSanFrancisco.ThesmallestofthefivePacificstates,Hawaiiranks47thinsizeamongthe50states.WideviewofGrandCanyonoftheYellowstone,morning.YellowstoneNationalPark,Wyoming,USA.MistraisingfromfallsoftheYellowstoneriver.YellowstoneNationalPark,Wyoming,USA.Completethefollowingblanks:1.______werethefirstgroupimmigrantsfromEuropetoAmerica.2.Inordertoattract,controlandsetlimitsonimmigrantstoAmerica,theU.S.governmentpassedthecorrespondingActsas_____,______,_______.3.ThenumberofthelegalimmigrantsisdeterminedbytheUS______.4.ThemostdenselypopulatedregionofAmericaisthe____partofthecountry.TopicofWeekSixAmericanPresidentLesson6AmericanGovernmentandPolitics1.Governmentprinciples2.Thepoweroffederalgovernment3.Thethreebranchesoffederalgovernment4.Generalelection5.Politicalparties1.Governmentprinciples1)Thesupremacyofthepeople2)Federalismandseparationofpowers3)AdequatepowersofgovernmentContributionoffederalism1)Separateanddistinctpowers2)Retainethnictraditionsandcharacteristics3)Territorialexpansion4)Strengthentherulelaw5)Preventcorruption2.Thepoweroffederalgovernment1)Theconstitutionempowersthefederalgovernmenttodoallthingsnecessaryandproper—impliedpowers2)Limits3.Thethreebranchesoffederalgovernment1)TheLegislativeBrancha.ThetwoChambersb.ThefunctionofCongressc.ThepoweroftheHouseandtheSenated.Abill—Congress—presidentAUSbillpassedbyCongressmustbesenttothePresidentforsignature.Ifhesignsthebill,itwillbecomealaw.Ifheexerciseshisrightto______________thebill,hewillrefusetosignit,giveshisreasons,andsenditbacktothehouseinwhichitwasfirstintroduced.ButCongresshasthepowertooverrideaPresidential______________iftheycanmustera______________voteineachhouse,thenthePresident______________isoverriddenandthebillbecomeslawautomatically.AbillpassedbyCongressandsignedintolawbythePresidentmaystillbecancellediftheSupremeCourtfindsthatitgoesagainstthe______________.2)TheExecutiveBranchThepowerofUSpresident①Commander-in-Chief②appointheadsofthedepartments③maketreatieswithforeigncountries④roleinmakinglaws⑤checkthejudiciousbranch,offeranamnesty⑥limits3)TheJudicialBrancha.TheSupremeCourtb.Judicialreviewc.ThecharacterofAmericanlawd.Anewfunctionofjudiciary4.Generalelection1)Threestepsofgeneralelection2)Mud-throwing3)Nomorethan8yearsofpresidency5.Politicalparties1)Twomajorpoliticalparties2)Fourperiodsofpoliticalparties3)IndependentcandidateLesson7AmericanNationalEconomyⅠ.FactorscontributedtoAmerica’seconomicdevelopmentⅡ.ThreetypesofAmericanprivatebusinessⅢ.GovernmentroleindevelopingnationaleconomyⅣ.ConservativesandliberalsoneconomicpolicyⅤ.Thenation’sthreechiefmineralproductsⅥ.AmericanserviceindustryⅦ.AmericanmajorcitiesⅠ.FactorscontributedtoAmerica’seconomicdevelopment1.TherichnaturalresourcesinthevastterritoryprovedtobeamajoradvantageforAmerica’seconomicdevelopment.2.TheUSeconomyhasbeengreatlybenefitedfromitshomesupplyofrawmaterialsandalargedomesticmarket.3.Thecontinuousinfluxofimmigrantsprovidednotonlycheaphumanresources,butalsonewideas,skillsandcultures,suchasdemocracyandequality.4.USwasalmostimmunefromforeignaggressionintwoworldwars.ThewaractuallypromotedthedevelopmentofAmerica’sproductivecapacity.5.TheUSforeignpolicyofprotectionismandisolationismbeforethe1930sprotectedAmericanindustriesagainstfiercecompetitionfromabroadandenabledittositonthefencewhenothernationswerefightingbloodywars.6.Themovementdemandinglibertyandequalityhelpedtoimprovethesocialmechanismandpromotecompetition.Ⅱ.ThreetypesofAmericanprivatebusiness1.Proprietorships2.Partnerships3.CorporationsⅢ.Governmentrolesindevelopingnationaleconomy1.Setgeneralguidelinesandpolicies2.Establishsafetystandards3.Usetaxratestobalanceproduction4.Startpublicprojects5.RegulateallbusinessaffectedwithpublicinterestⅣ.ConservativesandliberalsoneconomicpolicyDifferentattitudeson:GovernmentinterventionSocialwelfareⅤ.Thenation’sthreechiefmineralproducts1.Naturalgasproduction:23%oftheworld’snaturalgaslocation:TexasandLouisiana;60%2.PetroleumItranksthird,onlyafterRussiaandSaudiArabia3.CoalmainlyfromWyoming,westVirginiaandKentuckyⅥ.Americanserviceindustry1.Bankingandfinancialbusiness2.Insuranceindustry3.Tourism4.Tra