-1/14-英语单词后缀后缀是一种重要的构词法,通过后缀常常可以判断出一个词的词性。一个英语单词可以分为三个部分:前缀(prefix),词根(stem)及后缀(suffix)。单词中位于词根前面的部分就是前缀。前缀,可以改变单词的意思。在语言学里,后缀,又称词尾,是一种后置于其他词素后的词缀。1、常见名词的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:1).-ster,-eer,-er(or)意为:从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人(personengagedinanoccupationoractivity)例词:gamester,gangster,songster,engineer,profiteer,mountaineer,auctioneer,driver,teacher,director,actor,professor2).-let意为:小或者不重要的东西(small,unimportantthings)例词:booklet,leaflet,starlet3).-ette意为:1)小的东西(small)例词:cigarette2)假的东西(imitation)例词:leatherette3)女性(female)例词:usherette4).-ess意为:女性(female)例词:actress,poetess,hostess,paintress5).-hood意为:时期(status;etc.)例词:boyhood,childhood,manhood6).-ship意为:才能,状态,资格,品质等(skill,state,condition,status,quality)例词:leadership,friendship,membership,lectureship,sportsmanship7).-ful意为:量(theamountwhichnouncontains)例词:cupful,handful,mouthful,spoonful8).-tion,-ion意为:1)状态,行动等(state;action;etc.)例词:action,oppression,possession,education,starva-tion2)机构等(institution;etc.)例词:organization,foundation9).-ment意为:状态,行动等(state;action;etc.)例词:movement,enslavement,pavement10).-al意为:动作(action)例词:arrival,refusal,revival,recital,removal11).-age意为:程度,数量等(extent;amount;etc.)例词:wastage,coverage,acreage,shrinkage,breakage,hostage12).-ness;-ity(ty)意为:状态,品质(state;quality;etc.)例词:happiness,usefulness,selfishness,kindness,rapidity,activity,sanity,changeability-2/14-13).-ism意为:道义,主义,学说等(doctrineof,practiceof)例词:idealism,impressionism,absenteeism,racism2使一个词变为动词的后缀。常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:1).-ify意为:转为,变为(toturninto,tomakeorbecome)例词:beautify,diversify,simplify2).-ize;-en意为:使……,变得……(tomakeorbecome;tomakeinto)例词:modernize,popularize,legalize,hospitalize,symbolize,ripen,widen,heighten,threaten3).-ate意为:增加,使……听写(giveoradd,makeorbecome)例词:originate,hydrogenate,validate,differentiate3常见形容词的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:1).-ful意为:充满,有(fullof;hav-ing;giving;etc.)例词:useful,pitiful,hopeful,careful,helpful,forgetful,thankful,fearful2).-less意为:没有,无(without;notgiving)例词:speechless,childless,harmless,hopeless,meaningless,homeless3).-ly意为:有……品质的(havingthequalitiesof)例词:beastly,manly,brotherly,friendly4).-like意为:像……的(like)例词:childlike,statesmanlike,tiger-like5).-y;-ish意为:像……一般的(somewhatlike)例词:meaty,sandy,silky,hairy,leafy,watery,foolish,girlish,blackish,thinnish6).-some意为:像……一样的;引起……的;有……品质的(like;causing;havingthequalityof)例词:troublesome,burdensome,wholesome,tiresome,bothersome7).-able(ible)意为:能……的;可以……的(abletobe;capable)例词:changeable,reliable,readable,drinkable,comfortable,expansible,convincible8).-ed意为:有……的(having,etc.)例词:wooded,pointed,moneyed,odd-shaped9).-al意为:有……属性的,……类型的(natureof,typicalof)例词:cultural,personal,regional,musical-3/14-10).-ary(ory)意为:属于……的,与……相连的(belongingto;connectedwith)例词:revolutionary,imaginary,contradictory11).-ous意为:富含……的;有……品质的;像……的(fullof;havingthequalityof;like)例词:glorious,erroneous,malicious,gracious12).-ic(ical)意为:……类的;属于……的(typicalof;belongingto)例词:historic,historical,methodic,methodical,dramatic,heroic13).-ive意为:有……属性的;有某种倾向的(havingthenatureorqualityof;givenortendingto)例词:attractive,talkative,restrictive,defensive,preventive,constructive,sensitive4副词编辑常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:1).-ly意为:以……方式(ina...manner;etc.)例词:happily,boldly,attentive-ly,strangely2).-ward(s)意为:表示方式或动作的方向(manneranddirectionofmovement)例词:onward(s),backward(s),earthward(s),homeward(s),eastward(s)3).-wise意为:1)按照……方式(inthemannerof)例词:crabwise,clockwise2)就……而言(asfaras...isconcerned)例词:weatherwise,educationwise4).以ly后缀结尾的副词,比较级都是+more,如morecarefully,moreuseful最高级+most如mostcarefully,mostuseful-4/14-常见的英语单词后缀名词后缀.⑴具有某种职业或动作的人1)-an,-ain,表示……地方的人,精通……的人”American,historian,2)-al,表示具有……职务的人principal,3)-ant,-ent,表示……者”merchant,agent,servant,student,4)-ar,表示……的人”scholar,liar,peddler5)-ard,-art,表示做……的人”coward,laggard,braggart(夸张者)6)-arian,表示……派别的人,……主义的人”humanitarian,vegetarian7)-ary,表示从事……的人secretary,missionary8)-ate,表示具有……职责的人candidate,graduate9)-ator,表示做……的人educator,speculator(投机者)10)-crat,表示某种政体,主义的支持者democrat,bureaucrat11)-ee,表示动作承受者employee,examinee12)-eer,表示从事于……人engineer,volunteer13)-er,表示从事某种职业的人,某地区,地方的人banker,observer,Londoner,villager14)-ese,表示……国人,…..地方的人”Japanese,Cantonese15)-ess,表示阴性人称名词,actress,hostess,manageress16)-eur,表示……家”amateur,littérateur17)-ian,表示……地方人,信仰…….教的人,从事……职业的人”Christian,physician(内科医生),musician18)-ician,表示精通者,……家,”electrician,magician,technician19)-icist,表示……家,…….者,…….能手”physicist,phoneticist,technicist20)-ic,表示……者,……师mechanic,critic21)-ie,表示爱,指小dearie,auntie,lassie(小姑娘)22)-ier,表示从事……职业”cavalier,clothier,brazier(黄铜匠)23)-ine,ian,表示阴性人称heroine,ballerina24)-ist,表示从事……研究者,信仰……主义者pianist,communist,dentist,artist,chemist25)-ive,表示动作者,行为者”native,captive26)-logist,表示……学家,研究者biologist,geologist(地质学家)27)-or,表示……者author,doctor,operator,28)-ster,表示做…….事情的人”youngster,gamester(赌徒),songster29)-yer,表示从事……职业者”lawyer-5/14-⑵.构成,具有抽象名词的含义1)-acy,表示性质,状态,境遇accuracy,diplomacy2)-age,表示状态,行为,身份及其结果,总称courage,storage,marriage3)-al,a)表示事物的动作,过程”refusal,arrival,survival,denial,approvalb)表示具体的事物manual,signal,editorial,journal4)-ance,-ence表示性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度”endurance,importance,diligence,difference,obedience5)-ancy,-ency,表示性质,状态,