DMADV-五个阶段

σ––σ“”JackWelchσDMADV(SixSigma)DMAIC199719971995/19961995/199619981998σDMAIC,DMADVDMAIC,DMADVPMPM„(DMAIC)––CTQ„(DMADV)––CTQ„(PM)––CTQQFDσ„„MGPMGP„„„„„„QFDQFD„„„„FMEA/FMEA/„„„„CTQCTQσ„„/„„RobertG.Cooper,1986:σ??DFSSσ„„„σDMAICDMAICDFSS//DMAIC/DMADVσ((NPI)NPI)NPI//SixSigmaSixSigmaDFSSSixSigmaSixSigmaNPINPIσSixSigmaSixSigmaSixSigmaSixSigma((MBB)MBB)BBBB==σ––DMADV4.0DMADV4.0–ExpansionOfTollgatesCAPABILITYASSESSMENTAssessCapabilityofHigh-LevelDesign(s)EvaluateHigh-LevelDesignProposal(s)againstCTQs/OtherCriteria:PredictHigh-LevelDesignCapability/SigmaIdentifyFunctionalandPerformanceCapabilityGaps(DesignScorecards)IdentifyHigh-LevelFailure/ErrorModesAndEffectsDevelopPotentialSolutionstoAddressCapabilityGapsIterateDesign/CapabilityAssessmentUntilPredictedSigmaisAcceptableCapabilityAnalyses,DesignScorecards,RevisedHigh-LevelDesignTeamDevelop,UpdateProduct/ServiceCostPredictionPredictedCostofProduct/ServiceTeamUpdateRequirementsDocumentsHigh-LevelDesign(s),DesignScorecardsTeamSelectBest-FitDesign:ConductHigh-LevelDesignReviewsSelectOneHigh-LevelDesigntobeCarriedFurtherinDetailedDesignDesignReviewActions,SelectedHigh-LevelDesignTeam/ManagementRiskManagement:IdentifyMajorRisksDevelopMitigationPlans/ExitStrategiesTOLLGATETHREEREVIEWConductANALYZETollgateReviewTollgateActionsManagementCompleteANALYZETollgateReviewActionItemsTeam/ManagementFreezeDesignandRequirementsFinalDesignRequirementsTeamEstablishDESIGNBudgetandTimeUpdatedProjectPlanTeamNote:eam+?includesthecoreteamplusadditionalnecessaryexpertise(i.e.,InformationTechnology,HumanResources,etc.)DevelopHumanSystemDesign/DesignRequirements:OrganizationalDesignLaborDesign/InitialStaffingPlanRewardAndRecognitionPlanJobGrowth/CareerPlanTrainingandEducationDesignRecruitmentNeedsFeedback,EvaluationAndCoachingPlanCommunicationsPlanHigh-LevelHumanSystemDesign/DesignRequirementsTeam+DevelopFacility/SiteDesign/DesignRequirementsHigh-LevelFacilityDesign/DesignRequirementsTeam+DevelopEquipment/ToolDesign/DesignRequirementsHigh-LevelEquipment/ToolDesign,DesignRequirementsTeam+DefineMarketingAndSalesCommunicationPlanMarketingPlan,SalesPlanTeam+IdentifyExistingSystemBoundaries/PlanIntegrationInterfaceList,InterfaceRequirementsTeam+DefineLegal,SafetyAndRegulatory(LSR)RequirementsLSRRequirementsListTeam+DevelopIntegratedHigh-LevelDesign(s)High-LevelDesignTeamUpdateChangeAccelerationPlanUpdatedCAPTeamDevelopHigh-LevelDesignRequirementsDevelopTransferFunctions–FunctionalRequirementstoLower-LevelRequirementsTransferFunctionsDefinedforCTQsTeamDocument&FreezeDesignRequirements/SpecificationsforMacroProcessesAndHigh-LevelDesign–UpdateDesignPackageDocumentedDesignRequirements,DesignScorecards(All)TeamIdentifyCriticalDesignResourcesDetermineAndSecureAdditionalDesignSkills/ResourcesNeededforDetailedDesignDetailedDesignResourceListTeam/ManagementRevise/UpdateProjectBudget–DetailedDesignAndImplementationUpdatedProjectPlanTeamProjectActivityDeliverableResponsibleDEVELOPDESIGNCONCEPTSPerformFunctionalAnalysisDevelopRequiredProduct/ServiceFunctionsProduct/ServiceFunctionsTeamDeploy/AllocateCTQstoFunctionsDevelopTransferFunctionsIdentifySystem/FunctionalRequirementsFunctionalRequirements,ProcessDesignScorecardsTeamDevelopAlternativeDesignConceptsResearchPriorArt(Patents,Copyrights)ResearchApplicableTechnologyAndTrendsPerformProcessBenchmarkingDesignConceptDescriptionsTeamSelectMost-PromisingConcept(s)EvaluateConceptProposalsagainstCTQs/OtherCriteriaIdentifyFunctionalandPerformanceCapabilityGapsDevelopPotentialSolutionstoAddressCapabilityGapsDevelopIntegratedDesignConcept(s)SelectOne(orMore)Concept(s)tobeCarriedFurtherinProjectDesign“Best”DesignConceptDescription(s)TeamDEVELOPHIGH-LEVELDESIGN/DESIGNREQUIREMENTSDevelopHigh-LevelDesignElementsDevelopProduct/ServiceDesign/DesignRequirementsHigh-LevelProduct/ServiceDesign/DesignRequirementsTeam+DevelopProcessDesign/DesignRequirementsDevelopProcessMaps(Level2)PerformWork-FlowAnalysis(Redesign)IntegrateUseable“AsIs”ProcessesHigh-LevelProcessDesign/DesignRequirementsTeam+DefineSupplier/SourcingStrategy,Make/BuyDecisionsSourcingDecisionsTeam/ManagementDevelopInformationSystemDesign/DesignRequirements:PerformPackagevs.BuildAnalysis(Note:IfPackageSolutionisUsed,DefineWBSwithPackageVendor/Integrator)GatherHigh-LevelUserNeedsDevelopHardware,Software,DataAndMeasuresArchitecturePackageDecision,HW/SW/Data/MeasuresArchitecture,DesignRequirementsTeam+σ––„–––„–––/„„DMAIC–,/„;–(MGP)„σ––DMADV4.0DMADV4.0DDMMAADDVVHW/SWtg——DAMDVDMADV/IT:3HW/SW:2σ„„„„„/(MGP)„/„/„/„„„„1„σ„/„„„/„„„CTQ„„„CTQs„2„σ((CTQ)CTQ)CTQCTQ„CTQs()48723.4DPMOCTQCTQCTQ////////////σ––„––(,„–––CTQs?–„?„–σ:„3„„„„„„„„„„„„MeasureMeasureσ––DMADV4.0DMADV4.0,CTQ„„„CTQsInternalProcessProcess/ProcessCTQ/LSLUSLMeanSTD.Short/DPMO#TimesDPUStepStepDesignReq.Dev.LongTermAppliedSigmaMailTime–30Min.20Min.3Min.L–1.000484.1LoanCheckCorrectAddress––––L120010.00124.5TotalOpportunities22FunctionDPU0.0183FunctionDPMO831FunctionSigma4.6SupplierProcessSoftwarePerformanceTopLevel„„„σ––„CTQ––„“”––„––„…–QFD–,CTQ„σ:„4„„/„„„„CTQ„„„/σ––„