英语四六级翻译 translation

题型介绍题型和分值中译英(翻译句子的一部分)翻译部分(5%)满分为36分评分原则及标准四级Translation1.整体内容和语言均正确，得1分。2.结构正确，但整体意思不确切、信息不全或用词不当，得0.5分。3.整体意思正确但语言有错误，得0.5分。4.整体意思完全错误，即使结构正确也不得分。5.大小写错误及标点符号忽略不计。解题技巧解题思路1,首先根据语法判断待译部分在句中的功能，结构及形式，即在句中充当什么成分,用动宾短语,介宾短语还是名词性短语,是否要用从句,是否要倒装等2,注意选词应尽量贴切,尤其要注意搭配是否正确,不要混用近义词和形近词.3,翻译完成后再次通读句子，检查有无拼写,用词,语法或逻辑错误，检查句子(整句)是否完整，主谓是否一致,代词和名词是否一致,是否遗漏了结构词,介词等,并进行必要的修改和润色.８种常考语法要点归纳１.比较结构1).Onaverage,itissaid,visitorsspendonly____________（一半的钱）inadayinLeedsasinLondon.(halfasmuchmoney)2)Americanseat__________（两倍）proteinastheyactuallyneedeveryday.(twiceasmuch)3)Thenumberofthestudentsinthiscityhas_____(增加了6倍)incomparisonwith2001.(increased6times)２.用于表示“与相比”的短语1)Yourlossesintradethisyeararenothing______________（与我的相比）(comparedwithmine/incomparisonwithmine)2)SincemychildhoodIhavefoundthat__(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力)(nothingismoreattractivetomethanreading)3)Thetrumpetplayerwascertainlyloud.ButIwasn’tbotheredbyhisloudnesssosuch____________（而是他缺乏天分）．(asbyhislackoftalent)３.状语从句包括：-asthough…即使…-hardly/barely/scarcely…when…(句子前半部要倒装)一…就…(Hardlyhadwesatdownatthetable,whenthephonerang.我们刚在桌子旁坐下电话就响了。)-nosooner…than…(句子前半部要倒装)一…就…(Nosoonerhadwesatdownatthetablethanthephonerang.我们刚在桌子旁坐下电话就响了。)-nowthat…既然，由于sothat结果/以致-inthat…因为，由于-Incasethat/forfearthat/lest以防，万一，以免-Unless…除非…（才）until直到…才-Whether…or不管是…还是…-aslongas只要evenif/though虽然/即使Examples:1).________________（家也许很简陋）,there’snoplacelikehome,whereverhemaygo.(Humbleasitmaybe)2)._______________（我们一到山顶）thanweallsatdowntorest.(Nosoonerhadwereachedthetopofthehill)3).______________(既然你很熟悉作者的想法),tryreadingallthesectionsasquicklyasyoupossiblycan.(Nowthatyouarefamiliarwiththeauthor’sideas)4).Criticismandself-criticismisnecessary_______________(由于他们能帮助我们找出和改正错误)（inthatithelpstofindandcorrectourmistakes）.5）Givemeyourtelephonenumber________________(以备我需要你的帮助)（incaseIneedyourhelp）.6）_______________（政府才能有效运行）unlessitisfreefromsuchinterference.(Governmentcannotoperateeffectively)7）Thesubstancedoesnotdissolveinwater______________（不管是否加热）(whether(itis)heatedornot)8）_____(要不是你们的帮助）,wewouldnothavesucceeded.Ifithadn’tbeenforyourhelp４.名词性从句(主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句及同位语从句）1)Insomecountries,______________（所谓的平等）doesnotreallymeanequalrightsforallpeople.(whatiscalled“equality”)2)_______________________（给我印象最深的）wereherlivelinessandsenseofhumor.(Whatimpressedmemost)3）Wecouldn’t___（就该怎么办达成一致）agreeonwhatshouldbedone4)Thisis___（鲁迅曾经住过的地方）whereLuXunusedtolive５.定语从句1)Agoodmanyproposalswereraisedbythedelegates,________________(正如预料的那样).(aswastobeexpected)2)TheBritisharenotsofamiliarwithdifferentculturesandotherwaysofdoingthings,_____________（正如经常发生在其他国家的情形一样）(asisoftenthecaseinothercountries)3)I’mnotaccustomedtosuchluxury,_____(它简直是浪费钱).(whichisjustawasteofmoney)分句关系代词只能用that，而不能用which的主要情况１）当先行词是all,anything,everything,nothing,something,few,little,much,none,等不定代词时２）当先行词被序数词(thefirst,thesecond)或形容词最高级所修饰时３）当先行词被thevery,theonly等词修饰时．4)当先行词是人而且有only,all,any等限定词时，其后用作分句主语的关系代词通常用that(Anyboythatwantstosucceedmustworkhard.)６.虚拟语气１）用于以下动词之后的that–分句当中，分句动词用原型或者是should+原型(order,command,demand,insist,maintain,request,require,ask,recommend,propose,suggest,move,desire,etc)２）以下形容词用于Itis+adj.+that结构中，从句动词用原型或者是should+原型(advisable,appropriate,desirable,essential,fundamental,imperative,obligatory,important,necessary,proper,urgent,vital,proper,)3)用在以下名词之后的that–分句当中，分句动词用原型或者是should+原型（decision,decree(法令，判决)，demand,instruction,order,requirement,resolution,apity,ashame,nowonderthat３）用于宾语从句中wish４）用于某些特定结构中,如Ifonly,asthough/if,Itis(high)timethat是时候做某事了（It’stimeyouwenttobed.）wouldrather+从句--wouldrather后接句子时，句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气，具体用法为：A.一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望，如－I’dratheryoucamenextSaturday.我宁愿你下星期六来。－I’dratheryouwerehappy.我愿你快乐。B.用过去完成时表过去的愿望，如－I’dratheryouhadn’tsaidit.我真希望你没有这样说过。－I’dratheryouhadn’tdonethat.我宁愿你没这样做。等等……1)Theprofessorrequiredthat_________________（我们交研究报告）(wehandinourresearchreports)2)Itishighlydesirablethatanewpresident_________（被任命）forthiscollege.(beappointed)3)Somewomen___________________(本来能够挣一份很好的工资)inajobinsteadofstayinghome,buttheydecidednottoworkforthesakeofthefamily.(couldhavemadeagoodsalary)4)Butforhishelp,I_____________(我不可能这么早完成)(wouldnothavefinishedsoearly)5)Thevictim_____(本来有机会活下来)ifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime.(wouldhavesurvived)6)It’stime_____________________(采取措施)aboutthetrafficproblemdowntown.(somethingwasdone/somemeasuresweretaken)７.倒装结构１）表示否定或限定意义的词或短语位于句首时a.seldom,rarely,never;b.Hardly/Scarcelywhen,Nosoonerthan;c.包含only的状语出现在句首;d.当包含no的短语出现在句首,atnotime,undernocircumstances,innoway,onnoaccount,onnocondition,bynomeans,etc.２）so,neither,nor引导的句子承前表示同类情况时３）地点状语位于句首，动词是come,lie,stand,walk等1)Notuntilthegamehadbegun_________（他才到达）thesportsaround.(didhearriveat)2)Ifyouwon’tagreetoourplan,_______________(他们也不会同意).(neitherwillthey)3)Hehadunderstoodnothing,_____(也没尝试着去)understand.(nordidhetryto)4)OnlyafterIslappedhimontheback____(他才发现我并高兴得叫起来).(didhenoticemeandshoutedwithhappiness)８.并列成分and,or,nor,but,not…but,both…and…,than,notonly…but(also),either…or…,neither…nor…ratherthan…而不是…（insteadof…）[IthinkI’llhaveacolddrinkratherthancoffee