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第3讲形容词和副词形容词和副词是历年高考的必考点，是考生做好英语语法填空题和短文改错题必须要掌握的知识。形容词主要用来修饰名词和代词，表示事物或人的性质和特征。副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词甚至是句子。语法填空题对形容词和副词的考查主要是形容词作定语或表语、形容词和副词的比较级或最高级、形容词和副词的词性转化等。一、基础保分类考点——这些语法较简单，以练促学把分捡第1～6讲形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级、比较级和最高级。语法填空主要考查原级变为比较级或最高级；短文改错主要考查原级、比较级和最高级之间的误用。两者进行比较时，用比较级，此时的标志词为than，但需特别注意没有than时的比较级；三者或三者以上进行比较时，用最高级，此时往往用in或者of表示比较范围，但需注意省略比较范围的最高级。——如何确定填形容词、副词的比较级还是最高级判定方法应用体验当括号中所给提示词是形容词或副词，而空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时，就很可能填该词的比较级或最高级。①(2017·浙江高考)Sixteenyears(early),Pahlssonhadremovedthediamondringtocookameal.②(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork,youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify(识别)thoseof(great)andlessimportance.③(2017·绵阳市模拟)TheLondonUndergroundisthe(old)undergroundrailwaynetworkintheworld.earliergreateroldest——形容词、副词比较级和最高级的常考点自主练悟①(2017·桂林市联考)Tothem,lifeisacompetition—theyhavetodo_______(good)thantheirpeerstobehappy.②(2017·菏泽市模拟)Peoplewhoforgiveshow____(little)angerandmorehopefulness.③(2017·成都市模拟)IfImeetwithschoolviolence,Iwillnotanswerviolencewithviolence,foritwillresultin_____(much)fighting.④(2017·上饶市模拟)Mylifeisalot_____(easy)athighschoolbecausemyfellowstudentshaveacceptedme.⑤(2017·揭阳市模拟)Certainstoresofferdiscountsofupto70%oreven______(high)ifpeopleusetheircreditcards.betterlessmoreeasierhigher自主练悟⑥(2017·淮北市模拟)Themoreyouthinkaboutit,the______(hard)youwillfallasleep.⑦(2017·安徽师大附中阶段性测试)Justbeinggreetedatthedoorwasajoy.Theycouldn’tbe________(happy)whenseeingme.⑧(2017·成都市检测)Itisthe_______(old)andonlysurvivingnodamirrigationsystemintheworld.⑨(2017·绵阳市模拟)Antarctica,thecoldestplaceonEarth,isthefifth_______(large)continentintheworld.(2017·银川九中模拟)Ofallthecitiesintheworld,oneofthetopsix_________(healthy)citiesisCopenhagen,Denmark.harderhappieroldestlargesthealthiest○10谨记规律1.比较级常考查的五种情况(1)根据比较等级的句式判断，如果后面有than就用比较级。(2)有时候比较级结构中并不出现than，而是根据语境判断出用比较级。(3)当空格前有表示程度的词如abit,alittle,much,far,agreat/gooddeal,alot等或有still,even等词时，需填比较级。(4)表示“越……就越……”用“the＋比较级...,the＋比较级...”结构。(5)否定词＋比较级＝最高级2.最高级的考查(1)表达在某个范围内“最……”，使用“the＋形容词/副词的最高级＋比较范围”结构。表示范围的标志词有in,of,among等。(2)当空格前有thesecond/third...,oneof...等词时，需填最高级。自主练悟谨记规律①(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Theyoftengetupearlierandwaterthevegetablestogether.____________②(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Theywerealsothebestandworseyearsinmylife.____________③(2016·四川高考)ThedishesthatIcookedwereMom’sfavoritest._________________④(2017·牡丹江市模拟)What’sbad,thedriver’sinformationmightbeunreliable.___________⑤(2017·成都市模拟)Anyway,I’llgetusedtolivinghereandhopeeverythingwillbemorebettersoon.______________________⑥(2017·九江市模拟)LocatedinNorthAmerica,Canadaisthesecondlargecountrywiththelargestnumberoflakesintheworld.____________1.原级、比较级和最高级之间的错用。2.有些词本身就含有最高级含义，不能再用最高级，如favorite,wonderful,exhausted等。3.比较级的重复：若形容词和副词后面加了er，前面就不能再用more。4.固定结构中比较级的错用，如what’smore,what’sworse等。earlier→earlyworse→worstfavoritest→favoritebad→worse去掉more或more→muchlarge→largest形容词和副词之间的转化是高考的一大重点，在每年高考中都占有相当大的比重。语法填空和短文改错的此类考点均是根据形容词或副词的功能做出相互转化。因此考生应注意总结变化规律，尤其是其中的特殊变化形式。——如何确定填形容词还是副词判定方法应用体验1.当所给词为形容词时，除了比较等级外，主要考查转化为副词。反之亦然。2.作定语修饰名词时应用形容词；作状语修饰动词时常用副词。①(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Itis(certain)funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.②(2017·浙江高考)Butsomethingmadeherlookcloser,andshenoticeda(shine)object.③(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Thetitlewillbe(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.④(2017·潍坊实验中学模拟)Youwillhavea(wonderfully)timeandgetusedtothelifesoon.certainlyofficiallywonderfulshiny/shining——形容词变副词的规则自主练悟谨记规律①(2017·六盘山市模拟)It’s__________(common)knownthatcertaindiseasesarelinkedwithoccupationslikelungdiseaseincoalminers.②(2017·邢台市模拟)Hewontheracebyperseveranceandbypushingon________(steady)．③(2017·吉林市普通中学调研测试)Agoodmemoryisofgreathelp,butitisnotenough_______(simple)tomemorizerulesfromagrammarbook.④(2017·成都市模拟)Second,theyhopetobe_____________(economic)independentandbuywhatevertheyneed.1.一般情况加lycommon→commonlyimmediate→immediately2.以“辅音字母＋y”结尾，将y改为i然后加lysteady→steadilybusy→busily3.以le结尾，去掉e加ysimple→simplygentle→gently4.以ic结尾，加allyeconomic→economicallyscientific→scientificallycommonlysteadilysimplyeconomically自主练悟①(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Atonetime,Ievenfeltmyparentscouldn’tunderstandmesoIhopedIcouldbefreelyfromthem.____________②(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Muchrareanimalsaredyingout._____________③(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Helikeditsoverymuchthathequicklywalkedintotheshop.________④(2013·四川高考)Ifoundthetestdifficult,butItriedhardlytodoit._____________⑤(2017·淮北市模拟)Bysharing,wecanoftengreatreduceoursadnessanddoubleourhappiness._____________⑥(2017·潍坊实验中学检测)Obviously,theaccidentwascausedbyacarelessneighborlivinghighlyinanapartment.___________freely→freeMuch→Many去掉veryhardly→hardgreat→greatlyhighly→high谨记规律1.形容词之间、副词之间的错用(1)意近引起的错用：例如many和much都表示“很多”，但many修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词。(2)形近引起的错用：例如hard与hardly，前者表示“努力”，后者表示“几乎不”。(3)意思重复：例如so和very表达同一含义，故不能同时使用。(4)像deep,high,slow等本身也是副词，加上ly后还是副词，此时前者表示具体，后者表示抽象。2.形容词与副词之间的错用一般来说，作定语和表语时用形容词；作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或修饰整个句子时用副词。[随堂巩固训练]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2017·盘锦市模拟)Thistime,Iwassatisfiedwithmygrade,forIwas(well)thanmanyofmyclassmates.2．(2017·衡阳市模拟)Thefestivalisoneofthefour(large)iceandsnowfestivalsintheworld!3．(2017·漳州市联考)But(many)seabirdsareeatingplasticwasteintheoceanthaneverbefore.4．(2017·济宁市模拟)Itwasthe(late)evidenceofChina’seffort