2019/8/21第十九章核磁共振波谱分析法一、概述generalization二、化学位移chemicalshift三、偶合与弛豫couplingandrelaxation四、13CNMR谱图13CNMRspectrograph第五节13C核磁共振谱简介nuclearmagneticresonancespectroscopy;NMR13CNuclearmagneticresonancespectroscopy2019/8/21一、概述PFT-NMR(1970年),实用化技术;13C谱特点:(1)研究C骨架,结构信息丰富;(2)化学位移范围大;0~250ppm;(19F:300ppm;31P:700ppm;)(3)13C-13C偶合的几率很小;13C天然丰度1.1%;(4)13C-H偶合可消除,谱图简化。核磁矩:1H=2.79270;13C=0.70216磁旋比为质子的1/4;相对灵敏度为质子的1/5600;H0EI=21I=21HsplittingCsplitting2019/8/21PFT-NMRR.F.transmitterMAGNETR-FreceiveranddetectorRecorderSweepgenerator(1)Magnet251℃(2)Sweepgenerator3~10mG/min全程~0.2Gauss(3)(射频发生器)R–Ftransmitter(4)(射频接收器和检测器)R–Freceiveranddetector(5)(样品支架,探头)Sampleholder,probe(6)(记录仪)RecorderMAGNET2019/8/21富里叶变换Pw1T1TPWPWTransmitterReceiverPW=10~50μsT=4sFreq.rangePW12=200,000~400,000HzT1=41=0.25Hz2019/8/21FTtimefrequency脉冲弛豫H02019/8/21二、化学位移chemicalshift化学位移范围:0~250ppm;核对周围化学环境敏感,重叠少氢谱与碳谱有较多共同点;碳谱化学位移规律:(1)高场低场碳谱:饱和烃碳原子、炔烃碳原子、烯烃碳原子、羧基碳原子氢谱:饱和烃氢、炔氢、烯氢、醛基氢;(2)与电负性基团,化学位移向低场移动;2019/8/21化学位移规律:烷烃取代烷烃:H3CCH2CH2CH2CH334.722.813.9碳数n4端甲基C=13-14CCHCH2CH3邻碳上取代基增多C越大2019/8/21化学位移规律:烯烃C=100-150(成对出现)端碳=CH2110;邻碳上取代基增多C越大:CCCCH2CCH2CH3CH3CH3H3CCCH2CHCH3CH3CH3CH3H3C25.430.452.224.729.953.5143.7114.4OCHH2CCH3OCHH2CCH384.2153.22019/8/21化学位移规律:炔烃C=65-90CH2CCHH3C67.084.7H3CCCCH373.6CH2CCHCH267.482.8CH2H3C17.429.921.212.9OCH2CH3CHCOCH3CC23.989.4H3C28.088.42019/8/21化学位移表1chemicalshifttable2019/8/21化学位移表2chemicalshifttable2019/8/21三、偶合与弛豫13C-13C偶合的几率很小(13C天然丰度1.1%);13C-1H偶合;偶合常数1JCH:100-250Hz;峰裂分;谱图复杂;去偶方法:(1)质子噪声去偶或宽带去偶(protonnoisedecouplingorboradbanddecoupling):采用宽频带照射,使氢质子饱和;去偶使峰合并,强度增加(2)质子偏共振去偶:识别碳原子类型;弛豫:13C的弛豫比1H慢,可达数分钟;采用PFT-NMR可测定,提供空间位阻、各向异性、分子大小、形状等信息;2019/8/21碳谱与氢谱的对比谱图去偶作用对比2019/8/21碳谱与氢谱的对比2019/8/21谱图去偶作用对比2019/8/21谱图去偶作用对比2019/8/21四、13CNMR谱图6H4H4H0.91.52.321018124313C1HSttq1.C7H14O2019/8/2113CNMR谱图22.C9H10O2.13.67.2SSdddtq20614012053301H13C2019/8/2113CNMR谱图32030405060qdqst例3.化合物C12H26,根据13CNMR谱图推断其结构。H2CHCH2CCH3CCCH3CH3CH3CH3H3CCH32019/8/2113CNMR谱图44.C7H7Br1401207.02.320ssdddqd1H13C2019/8/21内容选择第一节核磁共振基本原理principleofnuclearmagneticresonance第二节核磁共振与化学位移nuclearmagneticresonanceandchemicalshift第三节自旋偶合与自旋裂分spincouplingandspinsplitting第四节谱图解析与结构确定analysisofspectrographandstructuredetermination第五节13C核磁共振波谱13Cnuclearmagneticresonance结束