高考虚拟语气详解PPT

Grammar—theSubjunctiveMood虚拟语气Wemetinthisroom.DocometothemeetingnextFriday.IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyhard.陈述语气祈使语气虚拟语气英语动词有种语气三虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式(verbstructure),用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实(fact)，而只是一种假设(hypotheses)愿望(wishes)、建议(suggestion)或怀疑(doubt)等等。ThedefinitionoftheSubjunctiveMood虚拟语气的考点1、条件句中的虚拟语气的用法；2、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；3、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法;5、虚拟语气时态的判定。与现在相反与过去相反与将来相反If从句主句did（be用were)had+donedid（be用were)wereto+doshould+doWould＋do(should/could/might)Would/should/could/might+doWould＋have+done(should/could/might)1.If引导的条件状语从句（1）Ifhehadhurried,hecouldhavecaughtthetrain.IfIweretogoabroad,IwouldgotoAmerica.IfIwonthelotterynow,Iwouldbuyanexpensivecar.现在事实相反过去事实相反将来事实相反Ifyouhadtoldmeinadvance,I_____himattheairport.A.wouldmeetB.wouldhadmetC.wouldhavemetD.wouldhavemeetIwouldhavegonetothemeetingifI_____time.A.hadhadB.havehadC.hadD.wouldhavehadIfit______tomorrow,Iwouldn’tattendtheparty.A.rainB.rainsC.hadrainedD.weretorain注意:含有should的条件句,主句可以用一般现在时或一般将来时.例如:Ifthereshouldbeanotherflood,whatshallwedo?Askhertoleaveamessageifsheshouldcome.（2.）省略if的条件从句IfIweretomeethimtomorrow,Ishouldaskhimaboutit.Ifheshouldfailintheexperimentthistime,hewouldtryagain.WereItomeethimtomorrow,…Shouldhefailintheexperiment…省略if的条件从句IfIhadfollowedyouradvice,Iwouldn’thavemadesuchfoolishmistakes.HadIfollowedyouradvice,…（3.）用介词短语代替条件状语从句。含蓄条件句butthat（要不是）、without（没有）、otherwise（否则）、or（不然）、under．．．circumstances（在……的情况下）、inthepast（在过去）相当于ifitweren’t/hadn’tbeenfor..e.g.:Withoutair,therewouldbenolivingthings.Iwouldnothavesucceededbutforyourhelp.Butforhishelp,wewouldbeworkingnow.Withoutyourinstruction,Iwouldnothavemadesuchgreatprogress.Wedidn’tknowhistelephonenumber;otherwisewewouldhavetelephonedhim.（4)有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致，混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。e.g.:Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）Ifithadrainedlastnight(过去),itwouldbeverycoldtoday(现在).Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,hewouldbequiteallrightnow.2.名词性从句的虚拟语气(1).Wish引导的宾语从句与现在事实相反：过去时（were）与过去事实相反：had+过去分词与将来事实相反：would/could/might+Ve.g.:IwishIwereabird.Iwishhehadn‘tdonethat.(do)IwishIwouldberichinthefuture.IwishI_____tohaveawordwithDannywhenhewasherelastweek.A.hadbeenableB.shouldbeableC.havebeenableD.wereableHowIwishI_____aswellasshe.A.shallsingB.cansingC.couldsingD.shouldsing（2)表示要求,命令,建议的虚拟语气宾语从句中常见动词:一个坚持,两个命令,三个建议,四个要求。即1).insist2).order,command3).advise,suggest,propose4).demand,require,request,desireWesuggestedthatTomhavearest.HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.Thekingorderedthattheprisonersbekilledthenextday.Theyrequestedthatwe(should)sendthemtoworkthere.Isuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.注意：如果suggest,insist不表示“建议”或“坚持要某人做某事”时，即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时，宾语从句用陈述语气。HispalefacesuggestedthathewasillTheboyinsistedthathewasright.1.Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybody____(obey)therules.2.Heinsistedthatshe___(be)seriouslyillandthat______(send)tohospitalsatonce.obeywasbesent（3）在主语从句表语从句，同位语从句中的应用1）在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。demand(要求),desire(请求),requirment(要求)advice(劝告),recommendation(建议),suggestion(建议)order(命令)necessity(必要地),preference(优先)proposal(计划),plan(计划),idea(办法)，recommendation以及plan，idea，resolution等。Thesuggestionthatthemayorpresenttheprizeswasacceptedbyeveryone．Theadviceisthatwe(should可省略，)leaveatonce.Myideaisthatwe(should)getmorepeopletoattendtheconference.(idea,should+get)(表示做出主意)Imakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.2）在主语从句中Itisimportant/necessary/strange/nature/desiredthat…that引导的从句中的谓语动词用should+v。Itisnecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.Itisnaturalthatshebetakengoodcareof.Itisimportantthatweshouldtakecareofthepatient.3.状语从句1)asif／asthough引导的状语从句asif／asthough（仿佛、好像）引起方式状语从句，a．一般过去时（表示与现在事实相反）b．过去完成时（表示与过去事实相反）c．would＋do（表示与将来事实相反）Youlookasifyouhadseenaghost．Helooksasifhewerehisfather.Thetwostrangerstalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsformanyyears.Heseemedasthoughhehadknowneverything.Itlooksasifitwouldbethelastdayforhim.Theytalkedandtalkedasiftheywouldnevermeetagain.Note:如果句子表示的是陈述语气，事实则要用陈述语气e.g.:Itlooksasifitisgoingtorainbecausetherearealotofdarkclouds.2)．lest／incase／forfearthat引导的状语从句lest（以防、以免）、incase（万一、以防）、forfearthat（因恐、免得）引起的状语从句中，谓语动词要使用（should）＋do的形式。Theoldwomanwalkedslowlylestshe（should）slip．Hetookenoughmoneyforfearthatunexpectedthingsshouldhappen.Hestartedoutearlierlestheshouldbelate.4.定语从句It’s(about/high)time+从句，表示“该做而未做的事”,是一种婉转的建议,从句中的动词用一般过Itishightimewebegantowork.We’veenjoyedtheevening,butit’stimewewenthome.It’sabouttimetheboylearnedtobehavehimself.虚拟语气特殊句型：5.ifonly现在：过去：未来：did（were）haddonewoulddoIfonlyIknewhisname!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!IfonlyIcouldseehimagain!6.wouldratherthat现在：过去：未来：Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.diddidhaddone1.Withoutsunlight,orwaterorair,there___nolifeontheearth.AwillhaveBwouldbeCcanbeDmustbe2Butforthesnow,we___earlier.AwillarriveBwouldhavearrivedCarriveDarrived1.Isitnecessarythathe_____theexamination?A.takesB.hastotakeC.musttakeD.