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不定式作状语一、要点精讲不定式作状语可以表示目的、结果和原因等。1.目的状语：作目的状语时，不定式的逻辑主语通常也是全句的主语，往往意为“为了；想要”。不定式作状语有三种形式：todo、inordertodo、soastodo肯定：toinorderto+动词原形soastosoastodo(一般不用在句首)Inorderto/Togetthereontime,theystartedearly.=Theystartedearlysoastogetthereontime.为了按时到那里，他们早早就出发了。否定：inordernotto+动词原形soasnottoInordernottofailtheexam,youhavetoworkhard.=youhavetoworkhardsoasnottofailtheexam.为了考试及格，你要努力。2.结果状语不定式做结果状语有三种形式：too…to、(not)…enoughtodo、so+adj./adv.+astodo(=such+adj.+n.+astodo)Thechildwastooyoungtolookafterhimself.Thechildwasnotoldenoughtolookafterhimself.Thechildwassoyoungasnottolookafterhimself.那孩子太小不能照顾自己。Mikewassuchayoungchildasnottolookafterhimself.麦克那么小还不能照顾自己。不定式做结果状语有时表示“出乎意料的结果”。经常与only、never连用。Heliftedtherockonlytodropitonhisownfeet.他搬起石头砸了自己的脚。Theboylefthome,nevertoreturn.那男孩离家出走了，再也没有回来。注意：不定式和现在分词作结果状语的区别：不定式作结果状语往往表示意想不到的结果，而现在分词作结果状语则表示自然而然的结果。Itrainedheavilyinthesouth,causingseriousfloodinginseveralprovinces.南方下了大雨，在几个省造成了严重洪灾。3.原因状语（多用于表示情绪或态度的形容词后面）。这些形容词主要有：happy，kind，surprised，frightened，angry，shocked，glad，sorry，delighted，disappointed等。Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.对不起，让你久等了。4.不定式作状语，其逻辑主语（即不定式动作的发出者）要与句子的主语一致。ToimprovehisEnglish,heisworkinghardatit.为了提高英语，他正努力学习英语。但是在一些句子中，动词不定式的逻辑主语可以不与句子的主语一致，这些用法已经形成了固定结构，在句子中做插入语或独立成分。Totellyouthetruth,youareunfitforthework.说实在的，你不适合干这工作。Tobeginwith,pleaseallowmetointroducemyself.首先请允许我做自我介绍。Tomakealongstoryshort,weagreedtodisagree.长话短说，我们同意各自保留不同的看法。类似的短语还有：tobebrief简言之tobeexact准确地说tobefrankwithyou老实对你说吧tomakealongstoryshort长话短说nottospeakof更不用说……nottomentionsth.更不必说……tomakematters/thingsworse更糟糕的是……走出误区：1.注意soasto一般不能用在句首；2.不定式作状语时，辨清其逻辑主语与句子的主语是否一致，除一些固定结构外，作状语的不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语；3.辨清非谓语动词在句子中所做的成分，如果做目的状语，只能用不定式。二、典例剖析【例题1】_____theearlyflight,weorderedataxiinadvanceandgotupearly．A．CatchingB．CaughtC．TocatchD．Catch【答案】C【解析】句意：为了赶上早班航班，我们提前预定了出租车，并且起得很早。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。根据上下文逻辑关系可知设空处为目的状语，故选C项。【难度】一般【例题2】Anxiously,shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton,only_________itdidn’tfit.A.tofindB.foundC.findingD.havingfound【答案】A【解析】句意：她焦急地从包里拿出裙子试穿，结果却发现不合身。only+动词不定式，表示意想不到的结果。这里是不定式作结果状语。found是过去分词，常常表示被动和完成的含义；finding是现在分词，常常表示主动和进行；havingfound是-ing的完成式，表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。【难度】较难三、精题精练1．SometimesIactasalisteningearforfellowstudents______whatisbotheringthem.A.totalkoverB.talkedoverC.talkoverD.havingtalkedover2.—Ihopetotakethecomputercourse.—Goodidea.____moreaboutit,visitthiswebsite.A.TofindoutB.FindingoutC.TobefindingoutD.Havingfoundout3．_______ourselvesfromthephysicalandmentaltensions，weeachneeddeepthoughtandinnerquietness.A.HavingfreedB.FreedC.TofreeD.Freeing4．Lastnight,thereweremillionsofpeople_______theopeningceremonyliveonTV.A.watchB.towatchC.watchedD.watching5．thedifficultmathsproblem,IhaveconsultedProfessorRussellseveraltimes.A.WorkingoutB.WorkedoutC.ToworkoutD.Workout6．_____thefatalaccidenthappeningagain,thepublicsuggestedthatpropermeasurestoavoidit.A.Toprevent;betakenB.Prevented;shouldbetakenC.Toprevent;shouldtakeD.Preventing;wastaken7．Brendanhurriedlygottotheairport,only______theplanehadtakenoff．A．tofindB．tofindingC．tobefindingD．tohavefound8．Thedoctordideverythinghecould____thepatient.A．saveB．tosaveC．savingD．saved9．Lizdecidedtohangafewpicturesonthewall_______theroom.A．decoratedB．decoratingC．todecorateD．decorate10．______hisopinionsmoreclearly,heusedsomebodylanguage．A．ExpressB．ExpressingC．ExpressedD．Toexpress11．_____morevisitors，theBeijingGardenExpoParkgivesrosestovisitingcouples．A．AttractedB．AttractingC．ToattractD．Havingattracted12．Wewillhavesix-dayholidayduringthecomingAPECmeetingstrafficontheroads．A．toeaseB．easingC．easeD．havingeased13．____toeveryonetheimportanceandvalueofthesehistoricsites,thegovernmenthasstrengthenedregulationstoprotectthem.A.TostressB.StressingC.HavingstressedD.Stressed14．_____inthesportsworld，asportsmanneedstotrainconstantlytokeephimselfinbestcondition．A．SurviveB．SurvivingC．TosurviveD．Survived15．Somecountrieshavebannedsmokinginpublicplaces______publichealth．A．improveB．toimproveC．improvingD．improved16．--HowcanImakeprogressinmystudy，Sir？--_______aneffectivelearner，youshouldfindsomegoodapproaches．A．BeingB．HavingbeenC．TohavebeenD．Tobe17．Theexperiencedteacherstrytheirbest_____theyoungerones_____experience.A.tohelp…gettingB.help…getC.tohelp…togetD.helping…get18．---Iwasscoldedbytheteacher.---Youaresosillynot____yourhomework.A.tohavedoneB.todoC.doingD.havingdone19．Ihurriedlyranbackhome,_______thatIwascheatedbymyclassmates.ThenIjustremembereditwasAprilDay!A.onlytotellB.onlytellingC.onlytohavetoldD.onlytobetold20．Generally,_____toauniversityinwesterncountries,internationalstudentsneedtoprovetheirabilitytospeakEnglish.A.admittingB.admittedC.beingadmittedD.tobeadmitted21．Mygrannydoescrosswordpuzzleseachday______hermindsharp．A．tokeepB．keptC．havingkeptD．tobekept22．I’vemadeseveraltravelplansforourvacation,butI’llleaveittoyou______one.A.choosingB.chosenC.tochooseD.choose23．Whatdoyouenjoy____yoursparetime?A.killB.tokillC.killingD.killed24．_____itsroleinsocialeducation,thePalaceMuseumisquittingitsadmissionfeeforspecialgroupsoncertaindates.A.FulfillB.HavingfulfilledC.Tofulfil