Chapter2UsingProperWords讲解

第二周作文题目（二选一，字数不少于200词）1、ILike/DislikeDistanceLearningInCRTVUSystem(03.3)Outline:①Comparingyourlearningexperienceinthetraditionalclassroomandinyourdistanceuniversitytoexpressyourattitudetowardthedifferentlearningsystems;②Usingtwoorthreeexamplestosupportyourattitude;③Yourconclusion.第二周作文题目（选做一题，字数不少于200词）2、Ilike/dilikeSelf-studyOutline:①Comparingself-studytotraditionalstudytoexpressyourattitudetowardthedifferentlearningsystems;②Usingtwoorthreeexamplestosupportyourattitude;③Yourconclusion.题目分析：此类题目你可以选择喜欢，也可以选择不喜欢这题目通常首先要表明自己的态度：like（喜欢）还是dislike（不喜欢）然后下面列出支持观点的原因（3个左右）。此类题目的Outline:(1)Anintroductionofyourpointofviewtowardsthetitle,(2)Yourexplanationwithtwoormoreexamples.(3)Conclusion.LecturedbyMissLuoPPTProducedbyMr.林创森Chapter2UsingProperWordsClassificationofEnglishWordsA.Byorigin:nativewords&loan/borrowedwords(Greek,Latin,andFrench)B.Bylevelofusage:a)Commonwords（普通词）b)Literarywords(书面语)c)Colloquialwords(口语)d)Slangwords(俚语)e)Technicalwords(术语)C.Bynotion/meaning:function/structuralwords(功能词、虚词)&content/notionalwords（实词）ClassificationinOurTextbookCommonWordsFormal&TechnicalWordsNonstandardWordsCommonWordsUsedbyordinarypeopleforordinarypurposesThemostusefulwordsConnectedwiththeordinarythingsoractivitiesnecessarytoeverydaylifeFormthecoreoftheEnglishvocabularyAppropriateinbothformalandinformalwritingandspeeche.g.:Therepeatedtelephonecallsonlyannoyedmebutmademysisterveryangry.Formal&TechnicalWordsUsedbypeopleofspecialprofessionsorfields,onspecialoccasionsorforspecialpurposese.g.political,legal,scientific,technical,businessandliterarywordsUsageoftechnicalwords:a.DenotethingsorprocesseswhichhavenonamesinordinaryEnglishb.IncreaseprecisioninexpressingacertainconceptNonstandardWordsUsedbypeoplewhoarenotwelleducatedorbypeopleofspecialgroupsSomeofthemmaynotbeunderstandabletopeopleingeneralandmaydisappearafterashortperiodoftimeSomeofthemmaycontinuetobeused,becomeacceptabletoallpeopleandjointhecommonwordsIncludingslang俚语,jargon行业术语,dialectal方言,andobsoletewords过时用语NonstandardWordse.g.:ain’t(amnot,isnot,hasnot);jolly(very);cool(verygood);hot(angry;fast);deal(agreement);damn(very);neat(nice)Exercise:Task1(P28):Question1to7Compare:CommonWordssamespeechlearneddestroystifftrypieceFormal&TechnicalidenticalorationeruditeannihilaterigidendeavorfragmentCompare:GroupOne:(1)Feelingfatigued,Tomretiredearly.(literary)(2)Tomfeltsodog-tiredthathehitthesackearly.(colloquial)GroupTwo:(1)Johnwasdismissedforpettythieving.(common)(2)Johnwasfiredforpettythieving.(colloquial)GroupThree:(1)Isawaghost,andIwasfrightenedtodeath.(informal)(2)Isawanapparition,anditreducedmetoaconditionofmortalterror.(formal)FiveLayersofWritingStylethefrozenstyle（非常拘谨的文体）theformalstyle（正式的文体）themoderatestyle（温和的文体）thecolloquialstyle（随意的文体）theintimatestyle（亲昵的文体）e.g.:1.Ihatetoaskyou,butIwaswonderingif….2.Iwaswonderingifyoucould….3.Iwonderedifyoucould….4.Canyouhelpme?5.Ineedyourhelp.ChoiceofWords(Diction/Wording)Diction（措辞）:thechoiceanduseofwords.•Thereisnoshortcuttogooddiction.•Whenawordissaidtoberight,thatwordshouldbenotonlygrammaticallybutalsocontextuallycorrect.•TherequirementsofdictionarealwaysregardedasrulesinEnglishwriting:“appropriateness准确”,“specificity具体”,and“conciseness简明”.AppropriatenessAppropriatenessofdictionreferstotherightchoiceofwordstoproducetherighteffect.Newwritersshouldtakethefollowingfactorsintoconsideration.1.Thesocialrelationshipbetweenthereaderandthewriter,ortheaudienceandthespeaker,orcorrespondents.2.Theoccasionsuchasafamilyreunion,aclassparty,abedroomchat;agrandweddingreception.3.Themodeofdiscourse(spokenorwritten)Specificity“specific”istheoppositeof“general”.Wordsaresaidtobespecificwhentheyrefertoindividualpersons,objects,orevents.Mansion公馆,villa度假别墅,chateau城堡，乡间别墅,cottage小村舍,bungalow平房,cabin小棚屋,hut,shack,shanty简陋房舍,barn仓房housechuckle,guffaw,giggle,roar,smile,grin,beamlaughphysicist,chemist,biologist,mathematicianscientisthuge,great,large,vast(ocean),immense(importance),enormous(house),tremendous(performance)bigtiger,horse,fox,cat,mouse,insectanimalSpecificGeneralCompareA.(1)Herhusbandisascientist.(general)(2)Herhusbandisabiochemist.(specific)B.(1)Theweatherinwinteristerrible.(general)(2)Theweatherinwinteriscoldandmoist.(specific)C.(1)Hehasabighouse.(general)(2)Hehasatwo-storeyedhousewithfourbedrooms,twolivingrooms,adiningroomandakitchen.(specific)Conciseness/SimplicityConcisenessorsimplicitymeansexpressingmuchinfewwords.Concisenessisavirtueofgooddiction.A.(a)Duringlastsummervacation,therewasaweekendwhenafriendofmybrotherwasaguestatmyhome.(awkwardlyroundabout迂回的)(b)Afriendofmybrothervisitedusataweekendlastsummer.(concise)B.(a)You’dbetterthinkitoverandconsideritcarefully.(redundant冗余累赘)(b)You’dbetterthinkitover.(c)You’dbetterthinkitcarefully.GuidelinesaboutDictionUsecommonorinformalwordsforgeneralpurposes;Useformalandnonstandardwordsonlyonspecialoccasionsforspecialpurposes;Usespecificandconcretewordswhengivingdetails;Usegeneralorabstractwordswhenmakingsummaries;Exercise:Task1(P29)Question8to34Guidelinesabo