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非谓语动词一、非谓语动词的基本概念和形式在句子中做谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为4种形式：不定式、ing形式、过去分词不定式的形式：语态时态一般式完成式主动被动todotohavedonetobedonetohavebeendone动名词和现在分词的形式语态时态一般式完成式主动被动doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone过去分词：done否定形式：not+不定式，not+动名词，not+现在分词二、非谓语动词在句子中的成分主语：不定式、动名词Hetolduswhethertohaveapicnicwasstillunderdiscussion.Whenandwheretoholdthemeetinghasnotbeendecidedyet.Missingthistrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour.Beingfriendsmeanslearningfromandhelpingeachother.Tom’sbeinglateagainmadehisteacherangry.表语：四种非谓语动词都可做表语Pleaseremainseateduntiltheplanehascometoacompletestop.Thestoryisveryinteresting,sochildrenareinterestedinit.宾语：动名词、不定式宾补：不定式、现在分词、过去分词Asksb.todo---;order,persuade;want;permit;Allow;forbid;force;beg;demand---------Keepsb.workingalltheday;Leavethedoorclosed定语：都可以作定语不定式只能做后置定语；单个动名词、现在分词、过去分词可以做前置定语其构成的短语作后置定语aswimmingpool;readingroom-----asleepingbaby;arunningcar-----fallenleaves;theflood-hit/strickenareaThemeetingheldyesterdaywasasuccess.Themeetingbeingheldnowisveryimportant.Themeetingtobeheldnextweekwillbeveryimportant.非谓语动词短语做后置定语是定语从句的省略，要注意非谓语动词的时态和语态状语：不定式、现在分词、过去分词不定式只做目的状语和意外结果状语目的状语，可位于句首和句末；Ihurriedtothestationonlytofindthatthetrainhadleft.做意外结果状语只能位于句末onlytobetold非谓语动词作状语是状语从句的省略IfI’mnottiredfromwork,Iwillspendsometimewalkingmydog.Ifnottiredfromwork,Iwill------.Whenyouarecrossingthestreet,youshouldbecareful.Whencrossingthestreet,youshould------.Becausethepostmanwerebittentwice,herefusedtodeliverourlettersunlesswechaindedourdog.Bittentwice,thepostmanrefusedto-----.Afterhehadbeentoldmanytimes,hefinallyunderstoodit.Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hefinally------.Asmallplanecrashedintoahillsidefivemileseastofthecityandkilledallfourpeopleonboard.Asmallplanecrashedintoahillsidefivemileseastofthecity,killingallfourpeopleonboard.三、非谓语动词解题步骤1.解析句子结构，判断考谓语动词还是非谓语动词；2.解析句子结构，确定设空在句子中充当的成分；3.找准设空动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系（主动还是被动）；4.搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式；5.将该选项置入空中，看能否做到字从意顺，传达有效信息、完成交际任务。