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在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词从句(NounClauses）。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词从句WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。HehastoldmethathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.他想到可能玛丽生病了。主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句引导名词性从句的连接词连接词：that,whether,if连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.连接副词：when,where,how,why补充：asif,asthough,because引导表语从句他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。Howwashesuccessfulisstillapuzzle.()Howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle.()你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？Couldyoutellmewherehelives?()Couldyoutellmewheredoeshelive?()FTTF名词性从句考点归纳一、名词性从句的语序———陈述语序二、名词性从句连接词的选用1.that和what的选用that和what都可引导所有的名词从句。但是，what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。that/what1.______hewantsisabook.2.______hewantstogothereisobvious.3.Theresultis______wewonthegame.4.Thisis_____wewanttoknow.5.Is_____hetoldustrue?6.Weshouldpayattentionto______theteacherissaying.7.Ihavenodoubt_____hewillcome.8.Ihavenoidea_____hedidthatafternoon.9._____hasmadeChina_____itisnow.WhatThatthatwhatwhatwhatthatwhatWhatwhat2.whether与if的辨用whether与if均为“是否”的意思。但在下列情况下，whether不能被if所取代：1.whether引导主语从句（包括从句在句首的位置)不用if，(if引导的主语从句只能放在句后，前面用it作形式主语）如：Whetheritistrueremainsaproblem.Itisdoubtfulwhether/ifthemanagerknewthedetailsoftheplan.2.引导表语从句用whether，不用if，如：Thequestioniswhetheryoushouldacceptit.4.引导放在discuss后的宾语从句，而if不能Wediscussedwhetherweshouldaccepthisoffer.5.whether可以引导从句作介词的宾语，而if则不能，如：I’mnotinterestedinwhetherthey’llgoornot.Itdependsonwhetherwehavegotenoughmoney.3.引导同位语从句用whether，不用if，如：Thequestionwhetherhe’llattendthemeetingisimportant.8.用if会引起歧义时。Pleaseletmeknowifyoulikeit.该句有两个意思：“请告诉我你是否喜欢”。或“如果你喜欢,请告诉我。”用了whether就可以避免。6.whether可以直接跟动词不定式连用，而if则不能，如：Ididn’tknowwhethertolaughortocry.Shehasn’tdecidedwhethertogoornot.7.whetherornot连在一起引导宾语从句时不用ifIdon’tknowwhetheritisrightornot.否定的宾语从句由if引导；引导动词之后的宾语从句可用if或者whetherif/whether1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.2.______wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.3.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.4.Idon’tknow__________heiswellornot.5.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.6.Thequestionis_________heshoulddoit.7.Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion______theoldmanwillrecoversoon.8.Idon’tknow_______togo.9.______youarenotfreetomorrow,I’llgowithoutyou.if/whetherWhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherIf3.其它连接代词和副词的连用主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义,正确的选择who、which、when、where、why、how等连接词，这些连接词既具有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。________weshallholdoursportsmeetingisnotdecided.我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。Idon’tknow_________broketheglassyesterday.我不知道他长的什么样子。Ihavenoidea_________helookslike.这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。Thisis_________Ileftmyglasses.Whenwhowhatwherethat引导名词性从句时在从句中不做任何成分，也没有具体的意义。其他连接词在引导从句时都做相应的成分并有具体的意思。4.that不能省略的情况2).It做形式宾语的宾语从句：Idon’tthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishloudly.1.)主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。ThattheyaregoodatEnglishisknowntousall.Theproblemisthatwedon’thaveenoughmoneySheexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaoneday.6).当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.3).并列宾语从句中，从第二个宾语从句开始都不可省略Hetoldme(that)hisfatherhaddiedandthathehadtomakealivingalone.4).当that宾语从句中状语部分位于从句前部时，Tellhimthatifhecomestomorrow,pleasecallme.5).当that前有插入语时Tomdidn’tknow,I’msure,thathissisterwasgoingtoJapan.that/(that)1.Idon’tthink________sheiscoming.2.Itisapity________hehasmadesuchamistake.3.Thereasonis_________heiscareless.4.Thenews________ourteamwonthematchinspiredus.5.Idon’tthinkitnecessary_________youshouldreadEnglishaloud.6.Hetoldme__________hisfatherhaddiedand__________hehadtomakealivingalone.(that)thatthatthatthat(that)that5.whatever/whoever的功用：Whatever/whoever可引导主语，宾语，表语从句，并在从句中做主语，宾语，表语。这种用法中，whatever/whoever不含疑问意义。Whatever=anythingthat;whoever=anyonewho1.Whoeverbreaksthelawistobepunished.__________breaksthelawistobepunished.Anyonewho2.Theywilldowhateverhewantsthemtodo.Theywilldo____________hewantsthemtodo.anythingthat疑问词+ever和nomatter+疑问词的区别：①疑问词+ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的成分。Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.②疑问词+ever还可引导让步状语从句。如：Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished,Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell.③nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。Nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell.Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.Nomatter+疑问词可换成疑问词+ever补充:三.宾语从句的时态呼应1.如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态.a.他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的.Hebelieves________________________________.b.请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么.Pleasetellme___________________________________.hisdreamwillcometruesomedaywhatyouweredoingatthistimeyesterday2.如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的某种时态,但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规律等时，从句谓语通常用一般现在时。他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。Hetoldme______________________.他说他已离开家乡十年了。Hetoldme______________________.老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。Theteachertellus______________________hewaspreparingfortheexaminationhehadbeenawayfromhishometownfortenyearslighttravelsinastraightline.四、同位语从句的引导和辨别1.同位语从句的格式：n.+连接词+从句2.能接同位语从句的名词有：fact、idea,news,information,order,belief,suggestion,advice等抽象名词.3.连接词通常是that(在同位语从句意义完整的情况下),也可根据含义选用whether,what,when,where