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THEDISCOURSESANDSAYINGSOFCONFUCIUSTr.ByKuHungming(辜鸿铭)CHAPTERI1.Confuciusremarked,“Itisindeedapleasuretoacquireknowledgeand,asyougoonacquiring,toputintopracticewhatyouhaveacquired.Agreaterpleasurestillitiswhenfriendsofcongenialmindscomefromafartoseekyoubecauseofyouattainments.Butheistrulyawiseandgoodmanwhofeelsnodiscomposureevenwhenheisnotnoticedofmen.”2.AdiscipleofConfuciusremarked,“Amanwhoisagoodsonandagoodcitizenwillseldombefoundtobeamandisposedtoquarrelwiththoseinauthorityoverhim;andmenwhoarenotdisposedtoquarrelwiththoseinauthoritywillneverbefoundtodisturbthepeaceandorderoftheSate.”“Awisemandevoteshisattentiontowhatisessentialinthefoundationoflife.Whenthefoundationislaid,wisdomwillcome.Now,tobeagoodsonandagoodcitizen—donottheseformthefoundationofamorallife?”2．有子日：“其为人也孝弟，而好犯上者，鲜矣；不好犯上，而好作乱者，未之有也。君子务本，本立而道生。孝弟也者，其为仁之本与?3.Confuciusremarked,“Withplausiblespeechandfinemannerswillseldombefoundmoralcharacter.”3．子日：“巧言令色，鲜矣仁。4.AdiscipleofConfuciusremarked,“Idailyexamineintomypersonalconductonthreepoints:--First,whetherincarryingoutthedutiesentrustedtomebyothers,Ihavenotfailedinconscientiousness;Secondly,whetherinintercoursewithfriends,Ihavenotfailedinsincerityandtrustworthiness;Thirdly,whetherIhavenotfailedtopracticewhatIprofessinmyteaching.”4．曾子日：“吾日三省吾身：为人谋而不忠乎?与朋友交而不信乎?传不习乎?5.Confuciusremarked,“Whendirectingtheaffairsofagreatnation,amanmustbeseriousinattentiontobusinessandfaithfulandpunctualinhisengagements.Hemuststudyeconomyinthepublicexpenditure,andlovethewelfareofthepeople.Hemustemploythepeopleatthepropertimeoftheyear.”①5．子日：“道千乘之国，敬事而信，节用而爱人，使民以时。”6.Confuciusremarked,“Ayoungman,whenathome,shouldbeagoodson;whenoutintheworld,agoodcitizen.Heshouldbecircumspectandtruthful.Heshouldbeinsympathywithallmen,butintimatewithmenofmoralcharacter.Ifhehastimeandopportunitytospare,aftertheperformanceofthoseduties,heshouldthenemploytheminliterarypursuits.”6．子日：“弟子，入则孝，出①InancientChinathepeoplewerelightlytaxed,butwereliabletoforcedlabourandconscriptionintimesofwar.则弟，谨而信，泛爱众，而亲仁。行有余力，则以学文。”7.AdiscipleofConfuciusremarked,“Amanwhocanloveworthinessinmanashelovesbeautyinwoman;whoinhisdutiestohisparentsisreadytodohisutmost,andintheserviceofhisprinceisreadytogiveuphislife;whoinintercoursewithfriendsisfoundtrustworthyinwhathassays,--suchaman,althoughmenmaysayofhimthatheisanuneducatedman,Imustconsiderhimtobereallyaneducatedman.”7．予夏日：“贤贤易色；事父母，能竭其力；事君，能致其身；与朋友交，言而有信。虽日未学，吾必谓之学矣。”8.Confuciusremarked,“Awisemanwhoisnotseriouswillnotinspirerespect;whathelearnswillnotremainpermanent.”“Makeconscientiousnessandsincerityyourfirstprinciples.”“Havenofriendswhoarenotasyourself.”“Whenyouhavebadhabitsdonothesitatetochangethem.”8．子日：“君子不重，则不威；学则不固。主忠信。无友不如己者。过，则勿惮改。”9.AdiscipleofConfuciusremarked,“Bycultivatingrespectforthedead,andcarryingthememorybacktothedistantpast①,themoralfeelingofthepeoplewillwakenandgrowindepth.”9．曾子日：“慎终，追远，民德归厚矣。①Co.gitavidiesantiquosetannosaternosinmentebabui,--Psalmixxvil,5.10.AmanonceaskedadiscipleofConfucius,saying,“HowwasitthatwhenevertheMastercameintoacountryhewasalwaysinformedoftheactualstateandpolicyofitsgovernment?Didheseekfortheinformationorwasitgiventohim?”“TheMaster,”repliedthedisciple,“wasgracious,simple,earnest,modestandcourteous;thereforehecouldobtainwhatinformationhewanted.TheMaster’swayofobtaininginformation—well,itwasdifferentfromotherpeople’sways.”10．子禽问于子贡日：“夫子至于是邦也，必闻其政，求之与?抑与之与?’’子贡日：“夫子温、良、恭、俭、让以得之。夫子之求之也，其诸异乎人之求之与?11.Confuciusremarked,“Whenaman’sfatherislivingthesonshouldhaveregardtowhathisfatherwouldhavehimdo;whenthefatherisdead,towhathisfatherhasdone.Asonwhoforthreeyearsafterhisfather’sdeathdoesnotinhisownlifechangehisfather’sprinciples,maybesaidtobeagoodson.”11．子日：“父在，观其志；父没，观其行；三年无改于父之道，可谓孝矣。12.AdiscipleofConfuciusremarked,“Inthepracticeofart,①whatisvaluableis①Dr.LEGGEsaysoftheChineseword礼,whichwehaveheretranslated“art,”thatitisawordnoteasilyrenderedinanotherlanguage.Ontheotherhand,Mr.B.H.CHAMBERLAINinhisbookThingsJapanese,remarksthatJapaneselanguage[ChinaandJapanhavethesamewrittenlanguage]hasnogenuinenativewordfor“art”.TheEnglishword“art”,ifwemistakenot,isusedinvarioussensestoexpress:1st,aworkofart;2nd,thepracticeofart;3rd,artificialasopposedtonatural;4th,theprincipleofartasopposedtotheprincipleofnature;5th,thestrictprincipleofart,InthislastsenseoftheuseoftheEnglishword“art”lies,asDR.LEGGEsaysoftheChinesewordmentionedabove,“theideaofwhatisproper”andfit,Tòπpέπ,inallrelationsofthings.Forthosewhomaybeinterestedinthesubject,wemayherementionthatthemodernJapaneseinvention,bijutsu美术(beautifullenerdemain)for“art”isnotahappyone.TheproperterminChineseforaworkofartnaturalspontaneity.Accordingtotherulesofartheldbytheancientkingsitwasthisqualityinaworkofartwhichconstitutedhisexcellence;ingreataswellasinsmallthingstheywereguidedbythisprinciple.”“Butinbeingnaturalthereissomethingnotpermitted.Toknowthatitisnecessarytobenaturalwithoutrestrainingtheimpulsetobenaturalbythestrictprincipleofart,--thatissomethingnotpermitted.’12．有子日：“礼之用，和为贵。先王之道，斯为美；小大由之。有所不行，知和而和，不以礼节之，亦不可行也。”13.AdiscipleofConfuciusremarked,