词性可以充当的成分例句名词(noun)主语Happinessisimportanttous宾语Wepursuehappinessinourlives.同位语Wepursuemanythings,suchashappiness,inourlives.定语Distanceeducationisbeneficialtothosewhohaveaheavyworkload.表语Mysisterisanurse.宾补Legislationshouldmakedrinkdrivingacriminaloffence.动词(verb)不及物动词vi谓语ShetravelsaroundAsiaeveryyear.及物动词vt谓语Shefoundajoblastyear.动名词gerund和不定式(这些词其实和名词差不多,充当类似的成分)主语Travellingisagoodwaytorest.Totraveloverseasisimportant.(但是这个时候,一般是会用形式主语)宾语Sheenjoystravellingverymuch.Iwanttotraveloverseas.表语HerhobbyistravellingaroundAsia.Thepurposeofdoingthisjobistomakemoney.现在分词(现在分词其实有点象形容词)定语ManyChinesestudentschoosetostudyinEnglish-speakingcountries.状语TravellingaroundAsia,sheisfamiliarwithmanycountries’cultures.表语Theeffectisdevastating.过去分词(过去分词其实有点象形容词)定语Studentsfromdisadvantagedfamiliesarenotconfident.表语I'minterestedinthislanguage.补语Ihadmyhaircutlastweek.状语Caughtinaheavyrain,hewasallwet.形容词(adjective)(形容词大部分情况下和现在分词、过去分词差不多,充当定语、表语、宾补还有状语)定语Theyellowsweaterismine.表语Minesweaterisyellow宾补Iwanttocolorthesweateryellow.状语Iarrivedhome,hungryandcold.形容词如果前面加上THE,这样又变成类似于名词的东西主语Thenewwillreplacetheold.宾语Weshouldrespecttheoldandlovetheyoung.副词(adverb)状语Hewasdrivingratherfast.介词的宾语Ihavegotagiftfromabroad.表语Wearebehindinourplan.代词(pronoun)人称代词主语、宾语Ilikeher,andIenjoylivingwithher.表语Theonewhobrokentheglassisher.介词的宾语Don’tforgettoreplytomebyemail.形容词性物主代词定语Yourbookisonthetable.名词性物主代词主语Mineisontheshelf.宾语Iwilltakeminealongwithmetoday.of连接的定语Thebookwithablackcoverisanotheroneofmine.表语Thebookinthebagishers指示代词主语It/this/thatisalovelystory.宾语Thereisaproblemaboutthecomputer,Iwillsettleit.表语Whoisthatspeaking定语These/thoseclothsareoldfashioned.介词(preposition)虚词不能单独成为句子成分,一般以介宾短语的形式出现表语Thestoryisabouthisownlife.定语Hetoldusthereasonforbeinglate.状语Thereisanewbridgeacrosstheriver.补语Wemustbeartheknowledgeinmind.冠词的使用如果名词是可数名词选择1:复数Studentshavetostudymanysubjectstoday.可数名词的复数如果前面加定冠词THE,往往是特指Thesubjectshestudiedarerelatedtolaw.(特指他所学的课程)选择2:不定冠词Englishisanimportantsubject.选择3:定冠词the(很多时候是特指)Hebringsabookwhereverhegoes.(他去哪里都带着书,可能是任何一本书)Hebringsthebookwhereverhegoes.(是一本特定的书)选择4:零冠词(可能是固定的搭配)Everystudenthastheopportunitytogotocollege.如果名词是不可数名词选择1:零冠词Waterisvitaltolife.(世界上的水都是重要的)选择2:定冠词the(特指)Thewaterinthislakeisnowpolluted.(特指这个湖的水)主动被动主+不及物动词Thisproblemexists.无主+系动词+表语Thisisaproblem.无主+及物动词+宾语Ihavefinishedthisjob.Thisjobhasbeenfinished.主+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语Thiscompanyhasgivenmeagoodopportunity.Ihavebeengivenagoodopportunity.主+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语Hissuccesshasencouragedmetofurthermystudy.Ihavebeenencouragedtofurthermystudy.使用方法:自己先翻译一下,对照准确的句子记住句子中出现的词伙,熟悉其用法和语境熟悉基本的句型(里面不少句子是十大基本句子),确保自己在不同语境下可以迅速选择和写出准确的单句注意观察错误的句子,因为这些句子一般都是常见错误,可以提高你对语法错误的敏感最后,如果有兴趣,可以通过复杂句的中文口头翻译一下,不仅熟悉这句话,也可以提高口语表达的能力NB:基础差的同学经常会死背,那样是不会提高的。最好通过翻译提高语法(譬如说分析句子的成分,熟悉单词的词性)翻译1:经常做运动会提高人的自信错误的句子:Exerciseregularlycanriseone'sconfidence.错误1Exercise如果这里是动词,应该用动名词,如果是名词,不能用副词修饰错误2rise不及物动词正确的句子:Regularexercisecanincreaseone'sself-confidence.句子结构:主语+及物动词+宾语(confidence)可以用定语从句扩充:Participatinginsportsfrequentlycanboostpeople'sconfidence,whichisimportantnotonlytotheyouthbutalsototheelderly.注:不可以说“regulardoingexercise”,因为形容词regular不可以修饰doing中文翻译:经常参加体育活动能够提高人们的自信心,这不但对年轻人而且对老人很重要。翻译2:依赖计算器会影响人的心算能力(mentalarithmetic)。错误的句子:Relyheavilyoncalculatorswillhavenegativeimpactonhumanbeings`mentalarithmetic.错误1rely是动词,不能充当主语错误2impact可数名词,要有冠词。错误3humanbeings多余,不是人类莫非是动物么?正确的句子:Relyingheavilyoncalculatorswillhaveanegativeimpactonmentalarithmetic.句子结构:主语+及物动词+宾语(impact)也可以用现在分词扩充:Theexcessiverelianceoncalculatorsislikelytohaveanadverseimpactonchildren'smentalarithmeticandposeathreattotheirintellectualdevelopment.中文翻译:过度依赖计算器可能会对人们的心算能力有负面影响,对孩子的智力发展有威胁。翻译3:很多女孩都不愿意在男人居多的行业里(male-dominatedworld)找工作。错误的句子:Anumberofgirksarenotwillingtohuntingjobsinthemale-dominatedworld错误1willingtodosomething固定搭配错误2anumberof在这里感觉是在某个地方,有一些女孩不愿意做什么。错误3定冠词不恰当,因为世界上男人居多的行业有很多,不可能特指正确的句子:Manygirlsarenotwillingtoseekemploymentinamale-dominatedworld.句子结构:主语+系动词+表语(willing)也可以用状语从句扩充:Numerouswomenareunwillingtofindemploymentinamale-dominatedworldbecausetheycanfacebarrierstotop-levelpromotion.中文翻译:很多女孩不愿意在男人为大多数的行业找工作,因为她们会面临在高职位升迁中的阻碍。翻译4:环境问题已经成为公众关心的焦点。错误的句子:environmentalproblemhasbeenthefocusofpublicconcern.错误1problem可数名词,要加冠词或者复数错误2be是表示“是”的意思,强调状态,要用“become”,强调变化正确的句子:Theenvironmentalproblemhasbecomethefocusofpublicconcern.句子结构:主语+系动词(become)+表语(thefocus)拓展的句子:Theenvironmentalproblemshasbecomethefocusofpublicconcern,forexample,greenhouseemissions.Thatiswhythegovernmentlimitspeopletouseprivatecarsinurbanareas.错误1:同位语“greenhouseemissions”离所修饰名词太远错误2:主谓不一致修改:Environmentalproblemssuchasgreenhousegasemissionshavebecomethefocusofpublicconcernandsomeregulationscanbeenforcedtotackletheseproblems.中文翻译:环境问题比如温室气体的发放已经成为公共关注的焦点,因此一些规则应该被实施来处理这些问题。翻译5:家长和老师应该努力去减少小孩看电视的时间。错误的句子:parentsandteachersshoulddotheireffortstocurbthetimeofwatchingTVonchildren.错误1makeaneffortto固定表达错误2curb一般是抑制某种行为,而不是接time.错误3“watchingTVonchildren”也不通。正确的句子:parentsandteachersshouldmakeanefforttolimitchildren’sscreentime.句子结构:主语(parentsandteachers)+及物动词(make)+宾语(eff