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＊仇少君1,2 彭佩钦1,2＊＊ 刘 强1 荣湘民1(1湖南农业大学资源环境学院,长沙410128;2中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态重点试验室,长沙410125) ,,、、,,,,,。 ,,,, S153.6 A 1000-4890(2006)04-0443-06Soilmicrobialbiomassnitrogenanditsroleinnitrogencycling.QIUShaojun1,2,PENGPeiqin1,2,LIUQiang1,RONGXiangmin1(1CollegeofResourceandEnvironment,HunanAgriculturalUniversity,Chang-sha410128,China;2TheKeyLaboratoryofSubtropicalAgro-ecology,InstituteofSubtropicalAgricul-ture,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Changsha410125,China).ChineseJournalofEcology,2006,25(4):443～448.Thecontentofsoilmicrobialbiomassnitrogen(BN)anditsaffectingfactorswerereviewed,theimportantrolesofsoilmicrobialbiomassnitrogeninsoilnitrogencyclingweredescribed,andtherelationshipsofsoilmi-crobialbiomassnitrogenwithsoilmineralizablenitrogen,mineralnitrogen,organicnitrogenandfixedammoni-umwereemphaticallydiscussedinthispaper.Itwasindicatedthatsoilmicrobialbiomassnitrogenhadacloserelationshipwiththenitrogen-supplyingcapabilityofsoil,andplayedanimportantroleincontrollingsoilni-trogensupply,decreasingsoilnitrogenloss,andincreasingtheefficiencyofappliedfertilizernitrogen.Thefur-therresearchitemsinsoilmicrobialbiomassnitrogenwerealsoputforwardinthispaper.Keywords soilmicrobialbiomassnitrogen,mineralizablenitrogen,mineralnitrogen,organicnitrogen,fixedammonium.＊(KZCX3-SW-441)(02200220020223)。＊＊:2005-06-26 :2005-10-101 [35],[36]。,[27];,[17]。,,[55,58],。[48]。。2 5000μm3(),C/N5～6[23]。,-。(BN/TN),2%～7%。Azam[31]BN/TN2.6%～14.8%,6.4%。Bonde[34],20～200mg·kg-1,BN/TN3%～6%。Joergensen[45]38,30～347μg·m-2。Anderson[29]26,BN/TN0.5%～15.3%,5%。BN/TN1.83%～6.42%[24]。8ChineseJournalofEcology 2006,25(4):443～448 DOI:10.13292/j.1000-4890.2006.0085BN/TN2%～5%,3.6%[9]。71.8%～4.0%[22]。。Billore[33],6.96g·m-2,24.8g·m-2,20.7g·m-2。[11],80～230125～500kg·hm-2。[19],40～385kg·hm-2,130～216kg·hm-2;40～496kg·hm-2;。[24],。[13],。。Silvana[54],(0～10cm)11～101mg·kg-1,10～20cm8～84mg·kg-1。[24]3,40cm。[8],0～2020～4040～60cm,,。,Wang[61]、、、,、,(0～20cm),、20～40cm,,40～60cm。3 3.1 。Zaman[64],,,10kPa。vanGestel[60],,,。Jenkinson[42]50%～60%。Joergensen[44]Kaiser[46],。[18],80%～90%,。[12],10%,,,。[21],。3.2 Moore[50],。4,,;/(BC/BN),BN/TN2.4%。,BN/TN(2.6%)(2.1%),。Doran[37],0～7.5cm,7.5～15cm,,。Roscoe[52],,。[18],。BN/TN2.0%～2.8%[9]。3.3 [30]。,[56]C/N[56,59]、[51]。、C/N,。[15],(C/N=17.5)、(C/N=81.6)、(C/N=38.3)、(C/N=16.6)、(C/N=20.3)、(C/N=22.0),,(C/N()。[20],。[5],444 25 4 。[3]5d,。Zaman[64],60d,NH4Cl;,16d,30d,,60d,,。,NH4Cl,,。。[8],,,,。[5],,,。[21],,,※※。[26],,,,;,,,,;。,,。,,,、,。4 ()4.1 、,,。[6],,2:;。2。,,、,。。Sakamoto[53],,46%～112%。Doran[37]。Franzluebbers[39]30℃,460d,。Hossain[41],,。[1],16.6%,20～4040～60cm,10.2%9.3%,312.0%,。Holems[40],,,,。Fish[38],,。,,,,。NH4+-N,NO3--NNO2-N。,。,。,[28],,[47]。,,,。Azam[32],。445:[5],,,。[7],,3～8d,;(8～18d),,;18～72d,,;72d,3d,。4.2 ,。、、、。“”“”,、、、。[49],,,,[62]。,。[5],,,、、,、。[14],,,,,。[4],,。,、,。4.3 ()。,;。,,[10];,,“”、[43]“”。,、15N,[25]。,。[16],,,;,,;,,,。[8]、[2]。(),,;,[63]。Soon[57],,,,,50%～100%;50%,2.7～4.6g·m-2。,、,,,。5 ,,、、、。,,,、,,。,,()446 25 4 、,。15N(),,,,,。[1] ,,,.2003.[J].,40(5):320～323.[2] , ,,.1997.、、[J].,3(4):107～114.[3] ,,,.1998.C、N、PN[J].,35(2):227～234.[4] ,,.1993.--、[J].,16(3):63～67.[5] ,,,.2003.[J].,9(1):87～90.[6] ,,.2001.[J].,32(6):273～277.[7] ,,,.1998.[J].,10(2):75～78.[8] ,,.2004.[J].,12(1):90～91.[9] ,,,.2003.、、[J].,24(4):278～283.[10] .1995.[M].:.[11] .1999.-[A].:.[C].:,61～66.[12] ,,.2004.[J].,10(1):18～23.[13] ,,.1999.[J].,5(1):69～73.[14] ,,,.2004.[J].,37(6):859～864.[15] ,.2001.[J].,21(1):136～142.[16] , ,.2000.N[J].,37(3):330～338.[17] , .1994.[J].,31(3):287～292.[18] .1992.[A].:.[C].:,285～291.[19] ,,.2001.、[J].,21(10):1719～1725.[20] ,,.2000.[J].,6(4):476～480.[21] , ,,.2004.[J].,23(5):53～56.[22] ,,,.1999.-[J].,10(6):725～728.[23] ,,,.2002.[J].,10(2):76～78.[24] ,,,.2005.、、[J].,19(1):50～54.[25] ,,,.1998.[J].,4(1):29～36.[26] ,,,.1998.[J].,35(3):412～418.[27] AltieriMA.1995.Agroecology:TheScienceofSustainableAgri-culture[M].Boulder:WestviewPress.[28] AndersonJPE,DomschKH.1973.Quantificationofbacterialandfungalcontributionstosoilrespiration[J].Arch.Microbiol.,93:113～127.[29] AndersonJPE,DomashKH.1980.Quantitiesofplantnutrientsinthemicrobialbiomassofselectedsoils[J].SoilSci.,130:211～216.[30] AoyamMK,NozawaJ.1993.Microbialbiomassnitrogenandminer-alization-immobilizationprocessesofnitrogeninsoilsincubatedwithvariousorganicmaterials[J].SoilSci.PlantNutr.,39:23～32.[31] AzamF,YousafM,HassainF,etal.1989.DeterminationofbiomassNinsomeagriculturalsoilsofPunjab,Pakistan[J].PlantSoil,113:223～228.[32] AzamF,MalikKA,HussainF.1986.Microbialbiomassandmin-eralization-immobilizationofnitrogeninsomeagriculturalsoils[J].Biol.Fertil.Soils,2:157～163.[33] BilloreSK,OhsawaM,NumataM,etal.1995.Microbialbiomassni-trogenpoolinsoilsfromawarmtemperategrassland,andfromdecid-uousandevergreenforestsinChiba,centralJapan[J].Biol.Fertil.Soils,19:124～128.[34] BondeAT,SchniirerJ,RosswallT.1988.MicrobialbiomassasafractionofpotentiallymineralizableNfieldexperiments[J].SoilBiol.Biochem.,20:447～452.[35] BremnerE,vanKe