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中南民族大学硕士学位论文中美情景喜剧幽默对白的语用学分析——以《家有儿女》和《成长的烦恼》为例姓名：苏莉杰申请学位级别：硕士专业：外国语言学及应用语言学指导教师：许菊20090501APragmaticAnalysisofVerbalHumorsinChineseandAmericanSitcomsiiAbstractHumoris“somethingcausingyoutosmileorlaugh”or“thequalityofcausingsuchamusement”.Itisapopularpragmaticphenomenonbecauseitcanfulfillalotofpsychological,affective,cognitive,socialoraestheticfunctions.Humorhasconstantlybeenahottopicinphilosophicalandlinguisticfields.Amongthewesternclassicalhumortheories,superioritytheory,relieftheoryandincongruitytheoryarethemosttypicalones,whichinterprethumorrespectivelyintermsoftherelativestatusbetweenthehumoristandthesubjectbeinglaughedat,thepsychological-affectivefunctionofhumor,andthecauseofhumorcreation.InChina,LinYutangwasoneofpioneersinthefieldofhumorstudies.Manymorerecentresearcheshavestudiedhumorfromlinguistic,rhetoricalandpragmaticperspectives.Sitcom(shortforsituationcomedy)isahumorousdramabasedonthesituationthatmightariseineverydaylife.Tomaketheaudiencelaughisoneofthemostessentialingredientsandtheultimategoalofsitcoms.Nowadayssitcomhasbeenestablishedasamaturecomicliterarygenreandpartofthestapledietofmainstreamtelevisionentertainmentaroundtheworld.AmongtheAmericanandChinesesitcoms,GrowingPainsandHomewithKidsarethemostpopularones,bothofwhicharedevelopedinafamilysettingwithlovingparentsandlovelykidsofdifferentcharacters.Sitcomisarelativelynewliteraryandtelevisiongenre,soitsresearchesarerelativelyrare,especiallythosedonefrompragmaticperspective.Basedonthepreviousresearches,thepresentstudymakesatentativeexplorationintotheunderlyingmechanismsoftheverbalhumorpresentedinChineseandAmericansitcomsHomewithKidsandGrowingPains,withintheframeworkoftwopragmatictheories,namely,Grice’sCooperativePrincipleandLeech’sPolitenessPrinciple.Itisfound,basedonaqualitativeanalysisofagreatsumofdata,thataviolationofCPandPPmaximscanresultinthegenerationofalotofhumor.AnotherimportantfindingconcernsthepragmaticstrategiesappliedinChineseandAmericanverbalhumors,whicharediscriminatedalongmicro-macrodimension.中南民族大学硕士学位论文iiiMicro-pragmaticstrategiesrefertothoserealizedatthephonetic,lexicalandrhetoricallevelssuchasvariationinpitchandstresspatterns,theuseofrhyme,homophonesorhomographs,coinageornoncewords,figuresofspeech,etc.Macro-pragmaticstrategiesrefertothoseorientedatestablishingsolidarity,aggressionandself-defense.Solidarity-orientedstrategiesarepresentedassharingexperience,highlightingsimilaritiesandjestingwhileaggression-orientedstrategiespresentedasconflictfostering,impositionandridiculing.Defense-orientedstrategiesareconcretelyrealizedinformsofconfessing,coping,self-denigratingandconcealing.Thepresentthesisisconcludedbypointingoutthetheoretical,communicativeandpedagogicalimplicationsoftheresearch.Theoretically,thepresentstudyofsitcomhumordemonstratesagreatpotentialityofpragmatictheoriesininterpretinglinguisticandliteraryphenomenaandindicatesanewdirectionforfurtherliterarypragmaticresearches.Communicatively,thefactthattheaudienceenjoyswatchingsitcomsimplicatesthathumorouslanguageandcharacterscanfacilitatethesuccessofcommunicationandmakeonemorepopularwithothers.Pedagogically,Americansitcoms,whichareloadedwithhumorousEnglishlanguage,culturalknowledgeandsocialvalues,aretheidealmaterialforbothlanguageandcultureteachingtotheEFLlearners.Thereisnodoubtthepresentresearchhassomelimitations.Forinstance,onlytwopragmatictheories(CPandPP)havebeenappliedintheinterpretationofverbalhumoroccurringinthechosensitcoms,leavingotherequallyorevenmoreimportanttheories(e.g.RT)untouched;thisthesisisfocusedexclusivelyontheverbalhumorinsitcoms,leavinghumorinotherformsunexplored,etc.Theseinadequaciesshouldbetakenasareminderforthefurtherstudiesofthesamefield.Keywords:verbalhumor;situationcomedies;pragmaticapparatuses;pragmaticstrategiesAPragmaticAnalysisofVerbalHumorsinChineseandAmericanSitcomsiv摘要幽默既指逗乐之事，又指逗乐之性。幽默语用现象之普遍，源于它在心理、情感、认知、社会和美学等方面的诸多功能。幽默一直是哲学和语言学领域的热门话题。西方的经典幽默理论有优越论、消解论和乖讹论，它们分别从幽默者与被嘲笑对象之间的相对地位、心理情感功能和成因三个方面对幽默进行了阐释。在中国，林雨堂是幽默研究领域的先驱者，许多后继研究者主要从语言学、修辞学和语用学视角研究幽默。情景喜剧是一种以现实生活为原型的幽默剧，它的基本要素和终极目标是逗乐观众。当今，情景喜剧已成为一种成熟的喜剧文学体裁，并成为世界主流电视娱乐的主要形式之一。最受欢迎的中美情景戏剧当属《家有儿女》和《成长的烦恼》，二者均以由慈爱父母和性格迥异的可爱小孩构成的家庭为背景。因为情景喜剧的体裁较新，对它的研究相对较少，从语用学视角进行的研究尤其如此。本文在前人研究的基础上，以格莱斯的合作原则和里奇的礼貌原则为理论框架，对中美情景喜剧《家有儿女》和《成长的烦恼》中的言语幽默的潜在制笑机制进行了尝试性研究。在对众多语料进行定性分析的基础上，本研究发现对合作原则和礼貌原则的众准则的违反导致了大量幽默的生成。本研究的另一发现与应用于中美言语幽默的微观和宏观语用策略有关。微观语用策略在语音、词汇和修辞等语言层面实现，如音高和重音模式的变化，音韵、同音异义或同形异义词、新造词以及修辞格的运用，等等。宏观语用策略指那些以求和、进攻和防卫为导向的策略。求和策略具体表现为分享、显同、打趣等，进攻策略则表现为生隙、强逼和嘲弄等，自卫策略以坦白、应对、自贬和隐瞒等形式出现。本文在结论中指出了本研究在理论、交际和教学方面的启示。在理论方面，本项针对情景喜剧幽默的研究展示了语用学理论对语言和文学现象的强大解释力，指出了文学语用学研究的新方向。在交际方面，观众欣赏情景喜剧这一现象说明幽默的语言和性格可以促进交际成功，并让自己受人欢迎。在教学方面，美中南民族大学硕士学位论文v国情景喜剧装载有大量的幽默英语语言、文化知识和社会价值观信息，这些都是英语学习者学习语言和文化知识的理想材料。毫无疑问，本研究还存在着局限性。比如，对所选情景喜剧中的言语幽默的解释只运用了合作原则和礼貌原则两个语用学理论，而其它同样、甚至更为重要的语用学理论（如关联理论）却未能涉及；本文专攻情景喜剧中的言语幽默，对其它的幽默形式未曾探索，等等。这些不足值得未来的同类研究者注意。关键词：言语幽默；情景喜剧；语用机制；语用策略中南民族大学学位论文原创性声明本人郑重声明：所呈交的论文是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究所取得的研究成果。除了文中特别加以标注引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写的成果作品。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律后果由本人承担。作者签名：日期：年月日学位论文版权