塔式起重机计算书1一.臂架计算_______________________________________________________31.1俯仰变幅臂架________________________________________________________31.1.1载荷____________________________________________________________________31.1.2臂架计算________________________________________________________________31.2小车变幅臂架计算(单吊点三角截面)__________________________________91.2.1载荷____________________________________________________________________91.2.2臂架计算________________________________________________________________91.3小车变幅臂架计算(双吊点三角截面)_________________________________221.3.1载荷___________________________________________________________________221.3.2臂架计算_______________________________________________________________22二塔式起重机塔身结构计算_________________________________________402.1塔身受力计算_______________________________________________________402.1.1塔身在臂根铰接截面受力计算:___________________________________________412.1.2塔身内力计算工况_______________________________________________________412.2桁架塔身整体强度和稳定性计算_______________________________________432.2.1塔身截面几何性质_______________________________________________________432.2.2塔身的长细比___________________________________________________________462.2.3塔身强度与整体稳定性___________________________________________________482.3桁架塔身主肢计算___________________________________________________482.4腹杆计算___________________________________________________________492.5塔身位移计算_______________________________________________________512.6塔身的扭转角_______________________________________________________512.7塔身的连接_________________________________________________________53三整机稳定性的计算_______________________________________________553.1第一种工况(无风,验算前倾):_____________________________________563.2第二种工况(无风,验算后倾)_______________________________________573.3第三种工况(最大风力作用下,验算前倾)_____________________________573.4第四种工况(最大风力作用下,验算后倾)_____________________________573.5第五种工况(45度转角)____________________________________________583.6第六种工况(非工作状态、暴风侵袭)_________________________________58塔式起重机计算书23.7第七种工况(突然卸载,验算后倾)___________________________________59四变幅机构计算___________________________________________________604.1正常工作时变幅机构的作用力_________________________________________604.2最大变幅力_________________________________________________________614.3机构的参数计算_____________________________________________________62五回转机构_______________________________________________________655.1回转阻力矩计算_____________________________________________________65六起升机构的计算_________________________________________________686.1钢丝绳与卷筒的选择_________________________________________________686.2选择电动机_________________________________________________________686.3选择减速器_________________________________________________________696.4选择制动器_________________________________________________________706.5选择联轴器_________________________________________________________706.6起制动时间验算_____________________________________________________71七行走机构的计算_________________________________________________727.1运行阻力的计算_____________________________________________________727.2电动机的选择_______________________________________________________737.3减速器的选择_______________________________________________________757.4制动器的选择_______________________________________________________757.5联轴器的选择_______________________________________________________767.6运行打滑验算_______________________________________________________76塔式起重机计算书3一.臂架计算1.1俯仰变幅臂架1.1.1载荷起重臂架的主要载荷为起升载荷、臂架自重载荷、物品偏摆水平力、各种惯性力和风力。臂架按两个平面的作用载荷进行计算:1)变幅(垂直)平面:受有起升载荷、物品偏摆力、自重载荷、惯性力和风力。2)回转(水平)平面:受有物品偏摆力、惯性力和风力。1.1.2臂架计算1)计算模型臂架整体受力分析如图1-1所示,分别受距头部起升滑轮Lx1处的变幅拉板力和起升载荷作用,同时承受导向轮处起升单绳拉力。θθθ图1-1臂架受力简图根据力矩平衡原理,对臂架铰点取矩,拉板力Fg为:gshshGgLLFGRQRF/)(12−+=ϕϕ式中,2ϕ-起升载荷冲击系数,05.12=ϕ;Q-起升载荷;塔式起重机计算书4gmmQOQ)(+=Qm-额定起重量,随幅度而变化;Om-吊具质量;R-起升载荷力臂;θcosLR=L-臂架长度;θ-臂架仰角;1ϕ-臂架自重冲击系数;G-臂架自重;gmGb=bm-臂架质量;GR-臂架自重力臂;θcosGGLR=GL-臂架重心位置;shF-起升绳拉力;ηϕmQFsh/2=η,m-起升倍率与滑轮组效率;mm)98.01(98.01−−=ηshL-起升单绳拉力力臂;)sin()(22LRarctgRLLDshDsh++=θDR-起升滑轮处绕绳直径;shθ-起升单绳与臂架轴线夹角;gL-变幅拉板力对臂架铰点的力臂;)2/sin()2/()(2221xgxgLLharctghLLL−++−=θh-距臂头Lx1处的臂架截面高;gθ-变幅拉板与臂架轴线夹角;臂架轴向力为变幅拉板力、起升载荷和起升单绳拉力合力:shshggbFFQFθθθϕcoscossin21++=2)临界力Plinx、Pliny计算变幅平面内,最小截面高度为minH,最大截面高度为H。单个弦杆截面面积:塔式起重机计算书5)(422211DDA−=π式中,21,DD-弦杆外径与内径。最小惯性矩:2minmin)2/(HAIy=最大惯性矩:2)2/(HAIy=根据yyII/min,查《起重机设计规范(报批稿)》85页表J3可知2μ值。长细比:yyrL21μμλ=换算长细比:lyykyAA402+=λλ临界力:22kylinyEAPλπ=式中,μ1-与支承方式有关的长度系数,查83页表J1,得臂架在旋转平面内为悬臂梁,μ12=;臂架在变幅平面内,11=μ;μ2-变截面系数;yr-变幅平面内,最大截面回转半径;AIryy=A-各弦杆截面面积和;14AA=lyA-垂直于y-y轴的平面内各腹杆截面面积和;'2lylyAA='lyA-单个腹杆截面面积;()42221'ddAly−=π1d-腹杆外径;2d-腹杆内径;旋转平面内,最小截面宽度为minB,臂架标准节截面宽度为B。最小惯性矩:2minmin)2/(BAIx=最大惯性矩:2)2/(BAIx=根据xxII/min,查《起重机设计规范(报批稿)》85页表J1可知2μ值。塔式起重机计算书6长细比:xxrL321μμμλ=式中,xr-旋转平面内,最大截面回转半径;AIrxx=3μ-拉臂绳或起升绳影响的长度系数;ggBRBA21213−=−=μgB-起升滑轮铰点到变幅拉板后铰点的水平距离,作图得知。换算长细比:lxxkxAA402+=λλ其中:lylxAA=临界力:22kxlinxEAPλπ=3)臂架整体的稳定性假想长细比λF查表取值;350sFσλλ=,查《附录H》表,由这里的λF(相当于表中的λ)得ϕ,其中λ取kxλ和kyλ中较大的一个。整体稳定性:[]σϕθϕϕσ+==AGFANbsin1(加了自重)4)距臂头Lx处截面的稳定性距臂头Lx处的臂架截面宽×高为B×Hmm,变幅平面内弯矩为端部弯矩是由起升单绳拉力、变幅拉板力和起升载荷偏心引起的:DshshoyRFMθcos=横向载荷引起的弯矩是由起升单绳拉力、变幅拉板力和起升载荷在垂直臂架轴线方向分析(力?)引起的:()LxQLLFLFMxxggxshshhy×−−+=θϕθθcossinsin21回转平面内弯矩两根起升导向绳对称:0=oxM单