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现在完成时主菜单上一页下一页现在完成时的构成现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的时间状语短暂性动词与时间段的关系havebeen与havegone比较与一般过去时的用法比较现在完成时的构成助动词have(has）+过去分词Grammarfocus过去分词的构成Typeoriginalp.tp.pcostcostcostreadreadreadmeetmetmetcatchcaughtcaughtrideroderiddenspeakspokespokenkeepkeptkeptdrinkdrankdrunkeatateeatenABBAAAABC辨别下面句子的时态1.去年我去了苏州。2.我每天早上7：00起床。3.下个星期我要去看望我的老师。4.看！那边有个女孩在哭。5.汤姆去过北京2次了。6.他住在那儿已经有十年了。一般过去时一般现在时一般将来时现在进行时现在完成时现在完成时pastnowYesterday,wecleanedtheclassroom.Now,theclassroomiscleanbecausewehavecleanedit.用法一强调过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果或影响上一页下一页--It’ssodark.--Someonehasturnedoffthelight.(有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑)--Areyoufree?--Ihavefinishedmyhomework.Iamfree(我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空)主菜单1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。示例表示从过去某一时刻开始并一直延续到现在的动作或事情,但动作或事情可能仍在继续。IwanttoseehowmuchtheplacechangedsinceIsawitlast.我想看看从上次见到那地方以来它发生了多大变化。IhavelearntEnglishformorethantenyears.我已经学了10多年的英语。用法二表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历.上一页下一页IhaveeverbeentotheSummerPalace?(我曾去过颐和园)Ihaveneverhadacar.(我从未有过汽车。)主菜单用法三现在完成时的时间状语◆常与①already,②never,③ever,④just,⑤yet,⑥before,⑦uptonow,⑧sofar,⑨forthelastfewweeks⑩thesedays,⑾since⑿foralongtime连用上一页下一页主菜单“仍然，还”用在疑问句和否定句中，放在句末。Ihaven’treadthisbookyet.Haveyouhadbreakfastyet?already:Yet:“已经”通常用于肯定句中,放在句中。Ihavealreadyreadthisbook.有时，也用在疑问句中表示惊讶。Haveyoueatenupallthefoodalready?“从来不”用在否定句中,放在句中。Ishefamous?Ihaveneverheardofhim.evernever“曾经”通常用于疑问句和肯定句中,放在句中。Ihaveeverseenthisfilm.HaveyoueverbeentotheUSA?“以前”用在完成时中，放在句末。Ｉhaveneverreadthiskindofbooksbefore.justbefore“刚刚”用在陈述句中,放在句中。Ihavejustboughtanovel。Shebegantoworkin2005.Shestillworksherenow.Shehasworkedatthisschoolfor3years.sinceandforThewomanhasworkedatthisschoolfor2years.(sincetwoyearsago)since2yearsagosince1998sinceshecametotheschool)for+时间段since+时间点for2years/alongtime一、用for和since填空。______threehours______threeo’clock______twodays______yesterdayafternoon______Icamehere______lastSunday_______aweek_______alongtime_______1997______twoweeks_______threeyearsago_______lastmonthforsinceforsincesincesinceforforsinceforsincesince1.They’veknowneachothersince_______.A.1995B.threeyears2.I’vebeeninterestedinChinesefor______.A.lastyearB.oneyear3.Shehasbeenadoctorfor______.A.twoyearsB.twoyearsago4.I’vehadaheadachesince_______.A.IgotupthismorningB.fivehours5.We’vebeenherefor______.A.onehourB.oneo’clockAABAB6.Myparentshaveownedthishousefor______.A.alongtimeB.manyyearsago7.They’vebeeninlovesince______.A.lastspringB.threemonths8.Wehaveknowneachothersince_____.A.oneyearB.lastyear9.--Howlonghaveyoubeenlikethis?--Since______.A.lastnightB.twodays10.--Howlonghassheworkedhere?--Shehasworkedherefor_____.A.1993B.sixyearsAABABExercise根据所给情况，用just,already或yet造句。1.Afterlunchyougotoseeafriendatherhouse.Shesays‘Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat?’Yousay:No,thankyou._______________(havelunch)2.Joegoesout.Fiveminuteslater,thephoneringsandthecallersays‘CanIspeaktoJoe?’Yousay:I’mafraid_________________.(goout)hehasjustgoneoutI’vejusthadlunch.3.Youareeatinginarestaurantthisevening.Thewaiterthinksyouhavefinishedandstartstotakeyourplateaway.Yousay:Waitamoment!_______________________(not/finish)4.Youaregoingtoarestaurantthisevening.Youphonetoreserve(预定）atable.Lateryourfriendsays‘ShallIphonetoreserveatable?’Yousay:No,__________________it(do)Ihaven’tfinishedityet.Ihavealreadydone短暂性动词与时间段的关系●短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词是：①become,②begin,③buy,④borrow,⑤come(go,arrive),⑥die,⑦finish,⑧join,⑨leave,等。上一页下一页●为了表述这种意思,我们常用相应的延续性动词来代替短暂性动词。主菜单become→be,begin→have,borrow→keep,buy→have,come(go,arrive,get)→behere/there/in…，die→bedead,finish→beover,join→bein…（beamemberof…）leave→beaway(from…),下一页上一页主菜单翻译练习：1.我买了这块手表五年了。2.这位老人已经死了十年了。Ihaveboughtthiswatchforfiveyears.Ihavehadthiswatchforfiveyears/since5yearsago.Theoldmanhasdiedfortenyears.Theoldmanhasbeendeadfortenyears/since10yearsago.WW下一页上一页主菜单3.他已经回来三天了。4.自从六点钟他就来这儿了。5.我离开家乡已十年了。Hehascomebackfor3days.Hehasbeenbackfor3days/since3daysago.Hehascomeheresince6o’clock.Hehasbeenheresince6o’clock.Ihavelefthometownfor10years.Ihavebeenawayfromhometownfor10years.意思是“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。havegoneto意思是“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。havebeenin意思是“呆在某处一段时间了”上一页下一页主菜单HassheeverbeentoNanjing?她曾去过南京吗？Youhaveneverbeenthere,haveyou?你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？IhavebeentoGuiling,Iwenttherelastyear.我去过桂林，我去年去的。ShehasgonetoNanjing.她已经去南京了。上一页下一页主菜单与一般过去时的用法比较一.现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，但现在完成时注意的不是事情本身，而是强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结果，影响,一直延续到现在等）;而一般过去时，则只讲述发生在过去的动作和事情与现在没有关系。上一页下一页主菜单eg：HehasboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他已经买了一本英汉字典。HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他曾买过一本英汉字典。上一页下一页第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：“HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.Andhestillhasit”“过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典”。第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强调说明。主菜单二．当有一个表示过去某一特定时间的状语时，不用现在完成时，而用一般过去时:上一页下一页eg:Isawthefilmontelevisionyesterday.但since(自…以来)+某一过去时间或叙述过去事情的从句总是与现在完成时连用。eg：Theyhaveknowneachothersince1950.Sincehewasachild,hehaslivedinEngland.主菜单三．常与一般过去时连用的典型的表示过去时间的状语:上一页下一页yesterday(昨天),thedaybeforeyesterday(前天),justnow(刚才)，时间+ago,last+时间等;eg:Theplanetookofftenminutesago.Wefinishedourtasklastweek.主菜单