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Unit1DiscoveringusefulstructuresGrammarTheRestrictiveandNon-restrictiveAttributiveClauseRevisionWhatdoesanattributiveclausedo?•相当于形容词；•提供人或事物更详细的信息；Whatdoesanattributiveclauselooklike?•由关系代词或关系副词等引导；也可以用“介词+关系代词”引导。Wheredoesanattributiveclausecomeinasentence?•在所修饰的先行词之后。Comparethefollowingpairsofsentencesandfindthedifferencesbetweenthem.1.Thisdictionary(that)myfatherboughtinAmericahasbeenhighlyrecommendedbyourteacher.Thisdictionary,whichmyfatherboughtinAmericahasbeenhighlyrecommendedbyourteacher.2.Hetoldmesomethingthathappenedlastnight.Hetoldmesomethingboring,whichmademeangry.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号和主句隔开用逗号和主句隔开意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，不能删除是对先行词的补充说明，删除后意思仍完整译法上翻译成先行词的定语，“…的…”通常翻译成主句的并列句关系词的使用上A.做宾语时可省略B.可用thatC.可用who代替whomA.不可省B.不用thatC.不用who代替whom1.非限制性定语从句能将整个主句作为先行词,对其进行修饰,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。Liquidwaterchangestovapor['veɪpə]蒸汽,whichiscalledevaporation[ɪˌvæpə'reɪʃn].液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。注意的问题2.which和as引导非限制性定语从句时的区别1、语义的区别as表示“正如”；Hemadealongspeech,asweexpected.Which表示“这一点”，Hemadealongspeech,whichwasunexpected.Someoftheroadswereflooded,_________madeourjourneymoredifficult．2、位置的区别as可以放在句首，句中；which则只能放在句中。Asiswellknown，Shanghaiisabigcity．which总结一、定语从句的定义：用来修饰名词或代词的从句叫__________。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫_______。定语从句一般是由__________或_________来引导的。相当于名词和形容词的作用。eg:1.DoyouknowthemanwhocametoseeXiaoYangthismorning?2.ThedayisnotfaroffwhenwewillmakeatriptoBritain.定语从句归纳总结定语从句先行词关系代词关系副词二、关系代词和关系副词的作用：1、引导作用2、替代作用3、在定语从句中担当某个_________的作用eg:1.Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournameshere.2.Thisisthehousewherehewasborn.3.Bill,whowashereyesterday,askedmealotofquestions.句子成分三、关系代词（who,whom,which,that,whose）的指代关系指人指物在定语从句中的作用WhoWhomWhichthatwhose√√√√√√√主语宾语宾语主语宾语主语宾语定语四、关系代词which和that的区别：A.关系代词必须用that的情形：1、当先行词被形容词的最高级所修饰ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.2、当先行词被序数词修饰ThefirstcarthatarrivedatthedestinationwasdrivenbyJohn.3、当先行词被theonly,thevery等修饰ThisistheonlyticketthatIgotyesterday.ThisistheverybookthatI’mlookingfor.4、当先行词为不定代词时或被不定代词修饰时IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?Allthatyouhavetodoistopressthebutton.Thereisnotimethatwecanwaste.5、当先行词既指人又指物时Thecaranditsdriverthatknockeddowntheoldladyhavebeentakentothepolicestation.B.指物时，作介词的宾语，关系代词只能用whichThisisthequestionaboutwhichwe’vehadsomuchdiscussion.五、关系副词when,where,why的用法关系副词都等于一个适当的介词＋which，在从句中作状语When=in/at/on/…+which;Where=in/at/on/…+which;Why=for/…+which1.Aftergraduatingfromcollege,Itooksometimeofftogotraveling,turnedouttobeawisedecision.（2010四川）A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where答案：B解析：此处应为which引导的非限制性定语从句，which代替前边整个句子。句意为：“大学毕业后，我们休假一段时间去旅游，这结果证明是一个明智的决定。”2.Asachild,Jackstudiedinavillageschool,_____isnamedafterhisgrandfather.(2010全国Ⅰ)A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that解析：根据选项此题考察从句，空格设置在名词school后，且school后有逗号，此题考察非限定性定语从句。定语从句所修饰的先行词是school，它在定于从句中做主语，因此使用关系代词，选项中的关系代词只有which和that，由于是非限定性定语从句,不能使用that，因此选择A。3.MarywasmuchkindertoJackthanshewastotheothers,_____,ofcourse,madealltheothersupset.（2011北京）A.whoB.whichC.whatD.that解析：which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的整个内容，同时在定语从句中作主语。本句话中的ofcourse是插入语。句意为：玛丽对待杰克比对别人要好得多，当然这使得其他所有的人都很不安。Betweenthetwopartsoftheconcertisaninterval(幕间休息),_____theaudiencecanbuyice-cream.(2011江苏)A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which解析：when引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为interval(幕间休息)，在定语从句中做时间状语，所以选择A项。句意为：在该音乐会的两个部分之间有休息时间，那时观众可以买冰激凌。Itisthethirdtimethatshehaswontherace,_____hassurprisedusall.（2012陕西）A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what解析：考查定语从句。所填词前有逗号，是非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句，关系词在从句中做主语，选C。其余选项与题干不符。Ellenwasapainterofbirdsandnature,______,forsomereason,hadwithdrawn(撤退)fromallhumansociety.（2012浙江）A.whichB.whoC.whereD.whom解析：who引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中做主语，修饰先行词Ellen。which修行先行词是物的定语从句；whom修饰先行词为人，且在从句中做宾语；where修饰先行词是地点名词，且在从句中地点状语，均不符合语境，故选B。1.ItookmyfriendtotheSummerPalace,_________wetookmanyphotos.2.Herbag,_________sheputallherbooksin,hasnotbeenfound.3.Thepoem,_________isbasedontheLongMarch,iswrittenbyChairmanMao.4.MarcoPolo,______wasagreatItaliantraveler,traveledallthewaytoChina,______wasthencalledCathay.wherewhichwhichwhowhichI.Completethesentenceswiththat,which,who,whom,where,whenorwhy.5.Myneighborsusedtogivemeahandintimesoftrouble,_________wasverykindofthem.6.Theoldmanhadthreesons,allof_________diedduringWorldWarII.7.Idon’tbelievethereason_________hegaveusfornotcomingtoPEclass.8.I’llneverforgettheday_________Igotthefirstprizeinthemathcompetition.whichwhomthat/whichwhenIII.Fillintheblanksusingwhich,as,when,who,whom,where,when,why,that.(1)StPetersburgisaverybeautifulcity,_____wasoncecalledLeningrad.(2)InXi’an,Imetateacher,____hadastrongloveforculturalrelicsandtookmetovisitthehistorymuseum.whichwho(3)Idon’trememberthesoldier,____toldmenottotellanyonewhatIhadseen.(4)Mygrandfatherwasachildthen,____peopledidn’tpaymuchattentiontoculturalrelicsintheolddays.(5)Theymovedtheboxestoamine,_____theywantedtohidethem.whowhenwhere1.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,____wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it2.____isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsaroundtheearth.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What3.HaveyouseenthefilmTitanic,_____leadingactorisverypopular?A.itsB.whatC.thatD.whoseVI.Choosethebestans