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第四章科技术语构词中常见的前缀和后缀科技英语常见词缀举例如下：一、前缀（prefixes）1.a-非，不asymmetry非对称性astray偏离2.aero-空气，飞机aerodynamics空气动力学aero-craftcarrier航空母舰3.all-全all-weathertransportation全天候运输all-roundchampion全能冠军4.anti-反、逆、抗、防、耐antifreezepump防冻泵anti-phase反相5.astro-天文，宇宙astronavigation天文导航astrovehicle宇宙飞行器6.auto-自动，自autocoder自动编码器autochart自动流程图7.bi-双，重bipolarrelay双极继电器bicarbonate重碳酸盐8.bio-生物，生bionics仿生学biocatalyst生物催化剂9.cine-电影cinefilm电影胶片cinemicroscopy电影显微术10.co-共，同coaxialcable同轴电缆cosine余弦11.contro-反，逆controsurgewinding防冲屏蔽绕组controflow逆流12.counter-逆，反counteractant中和剂counterpart对方13.de-除，脱defroster除霜剂derailment脱轨14.deci-十分之一，十分decimal十进制decibel分贝15.di-双，偶，两diode二极管dibit两位16.du-二，双duplicate一式两份duoplasmatron双等离子体发射器17.equi-同等，均equipartition均分equilibrium均衡18.ferro-铁，钢ferroalloy铁合金ferroconcrete钢筋混泥土19.gyro-陀螺，旋转gyroscope陀螺仪gyrosphere回转球20.hecto-百hectare公顷hectolitre百升21.hemi-半hemisphere半球hemipyramid半锥体22.hepta-七heptagon七角形heptad七价原子23.hexa-六hexagon六角形hexaploid六倍体24.homo-同，相似homogeneity同种homoclime相同气候25.hydro-水，氢化hydroelectriclocomotive液力传动内燃机车hydrofining氢化提纯26.hyper-高，超，重，过hypertension高血压hypervelocity超高速27.infra-下，亚，次infraredrays红外线infrastructure地基28.inter-相互，际间internet互联网intercitytrain城际列车29.iso-等，同isotherm等温线isotope同位素30.macro-大，宏观，常量macrocontrol宏观调控microanalysis常量分析31.mal-不，失malnutrition营养不良malfunction失灵32.mega-兆，百万megalopolis特大城市megaton百万吨级33.micro-微观microelectronics微电子学microfilm缩微胶卷34.mono-单，一monocle单片眼镜monochord单弦琴35.multi-多multiplane多翼机multipole多极36.ortho-正，直orthocenter垂心orthograph正投影图37.over-过，超overrun超限overexposure曝光过度38.photo-光电，光敏photosynthesis光合作用photoreceptor感光器39.poly-多，聚polymer聚合物polyethylene聚乙烯40.post-后post-acceleration偏转后加速postmeridian午后41.pseudo-伪，假pseudo-program伪程序pseudophotoesthesia光幻觉42.quadr-四，二次quadruplicate一式四份quadraphonic四声道立体声43.quasi-准，拟quasi-high-speed准高速quasi-ordering拟序44.semi-半semi-final半决赛semitrailer半挂车45.stereo-立体的stereooptics立体光学stereophone立体声耳机46.sub-子，亚subloop子回路subsoil亚土层47.super-超superhighway超级公路superconductor超导体48.tele-远，电telemetry遥测术telecommunication电信49.thermo-热thermostat恒温器thermoscreen隔热屏50.trans-超，越，变换transparency透明度transpassivation过钝化51.tri-，ter-三tertiary第三产业triplicate一式三份52.ultra-超，过ultrasonic超声波ultrastructure超微结构二、后缀（suffixes）1.-er（or）器，机air-oilbooster气-液增压器aircompressor空气压缩机2.-ite石，矿物granite花岗石sulphite亚硫酸盐3.-meter表，计speedometer速度计ohmmeter电阻表4.-ity性，度absoluteviscosity绝对粘度trackelasticity轨道弹性5.-scope仪，镜spectroscope光谱仪telescope望远镜6.-graph仪，机spectrograph摄谱仪telegraphy电报机（2）空间顺序（spatialorder）按事物在空间所处位置的排列情况所进行的一种描述方法，比如通常是由前到后、由内而外、从左至右、从顶部到底部、从近处到远处等。这对仪器设备的描述是很有用的。表示位置的常用语有以下一些：A.名词front,back,side,center,middle,top,bottom,end,edge,interior,inside,exterior,outside,border,perimeterB.形容词front,back,rear,central,superior,upper,inferior,lower,inner,interior,outer,exterior,near,far,distant,parallel,perpendicular,vertical,horizontalC.副词forward,backward,sideways,up,down,upward,clockwise,counter-clockwiseD.介词infrontof,behind,atthebackof,on,above,over,under,below,beneath,underneath,atthetopof,along,inthemiddleof,between,through,among,within,throughout,outside,around,beyond,attheendof,across,from,past,opposite,near,towards,totherightof,from…to…（3）分门别类法（classification或division）把一个广泛的题材分成几个类别，然后分类叙述。常用的词汇有：A.形容词major,main,primary,secondary,former,latter,mostimportant,leastimportantB.名词class,kind,type,division,classification,aspect,part,characteristicC.动词divideinto,groupinto,putinto,fallinto,consistof,classifyas(into),categorizeas(into)A.用于比较的词语similarly,likewise,correspondingly,inthesameway,toresemble,toequal,both…and…,either…or…,neither…nor…,notonly…butalso…,like,identical,equally,similarto,equalto,asimilarityB.用于对照的词语todifferfrom…(in),tocontrastwith,todistinguishbetween,incontrast,ontheotherhand,notas…as,unlike,while,whereas,although,differently,evenif,incontrastto,asopposedto,distinctfrom,differentfrom,however,but,more(less)…than,acontrast,adissimilarity,adifference写摘要常用的句式:●介绍论文内容或作者的观点①Theauthorspresenta…principlethatpredict…作者提出了一种……原理，该原理能预测……Thepaperpresentsthedataintermsof…本文用……给出了……的数据Thebriefhistoryof…ispresented.本文介绍了……的简史。②Theauthorsdescribeaconfigurationof…作者描述了一种……构造。Thispaperdescribestheprinciplesandtechniquesof…本文描述了……的原理和技术。Performancegoalsandvariousapproachesto…arebrieflydescribed.简述了性能目标和达到……的各种途径。③Thispaperaddressestheproblemof…本文论述……的问题。④Thefirstpaperdealswith…第一篇论文论述了……⑤Thispaperisdevotedtoassessmentof…本文专论如何评估…⑥Thispaperisconcernedwiththeanalysisof…本文对……进行了分析。⑦Thearticlelooksat…本文考察了……●介绍科技论文研讨的课题①Theperformancecharacteristicsof…arestudiedtheoreticallyandexperimentally.对…的性能特征进行了理论和实验研究。②Thepaperexamines…andconsider…本文研究了……并考虑了……③Theauthorsconsidertwospecificsubjectswhich…作者考虑了两个……的专门课题。Aprincipleofconstructing…isconsideredinthispaper…本文考虑了建立……的原则。④Thisarticlediscussesthereasonsfor…andoffersaninsightinto…本文讨论了……的原因并提出了对……的观点。⑤Theinfluenceof…on…isinvestigated.研究了……对……所产生的影响。⑥Thispaperanalyzessomeimportantcharacteristicsof…本文分析了……的一些重要特性。Thisprocessisanalyzedusing…使用……对这一过程进行了分析。●介绍论文涉及的范围①Someofthespecifictopicsdiscussedare:论述的专门课题包括……②Thearticlecontainssomepracticalrecommendationson…本文包含了一些有关…