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目录230种晶体学空间群的记号..............................................................................................................-1-32种晶体学点群的记号....................................................................................................................-3-不同晶系的晶格类型.........................................................................................................................-4-常见单质的所属晶系.........................................................................................................................-6-CRYSTALSYSTEMSOFCOMMONELEMENTARYSUBSTANCES...............................................................-6-CRYSTALSYSTEMSOFCOMMONELEMENTARYSUBSTANCES...............................................................-6-常见矿石的名称、分子式与所属晶系.............................................................................................-6-正多面体的数学和结晶学参数.......................................................................................................-14-230种晶体学空间群的记号Symbolsofthe230CrystallographicSpaceGroups空间群是点对称操作和平移对称操作的对称要素全部可能的组合。点群表示晶体外形上的对称关系，空间群表示晶体结构内部的原子及离子间的对称关系。空间群一共230个，它们分别属于32个点群。晶体结构的对称性不能超出230个空间群的范围，而其外形的对称性和宏观对称性则不能越出32个点群的范围。属于同一点群的各种晶体可以隶属于若干个空间群。230种晶体学空间群的记号Symbolsofthe230CrystallographicSpaceGroups点群(Pointgroup)晶系(Crystalsystem)国际符号(HM)圣佛利斯符号(Schfl.)空间群(Spacegroup)1C1P1三斜晶系CiP2P2P21C2mPmPcCmCc单斜晶系2/mP2/mP21/mC2/mP2/cP21/CC2/c222P222P2221P21212P212121C2221C222F222I222I212121正交mm2Pmm2Pmc21Pcc2Pma2Pca21Pnc2Pmn21Pba2Pna21-1-Pnn2Cmm2Cmc21Ccc2Amm2Abm2Ama2Aba2Fmm2Fdd2Imm2Iba2Ima2PmmmPnnnPccmPbanPmmaPnnaPmnaPccaPbamPccnPbcmPnnmPmmnPbcnPbcaPnmaCmcmCmcaCmmmCccmCmmaCccaFmmmFdddImmmIbamIbca晶系mmmImma4P4P41P42P43I4I41PI4/mP4/mP42/mP4/nP42/nI4/mI41/aP422P4212P4122P41212P4222P42212P4322P43212I422422I4122P4mmP4bmP42cmP42nmP4ccP4ncP42mcP42bcI4mm4mmI4cmI41mdI41cdP2mP2cP21mP21cPm2Pc2Pb2Pn2Im22mIc2I2mI2dP4/mmmP4/mccP4/nbmP4/nncP4/mbmP4/mncP4/nmmP4/nccP42/mmcP42/mcmP42/nbcP42/nnmP42/mbcP42/mnmP42/nmcP42/ncmI4/mmmI4/mcm四方晶系4/mmmI41/amdI41/acd3P3P31P32R3PR32P312P321P3112P3121P3212P3221R323mP3m1P31mP3c1P31cR3mR3c三方晶系mP1mP1cPm1Pc1RmRc6P6P61P65P62P64P63P6/mP6/mP63/m622P622P6122P6522P6222P6422P63226mmP6mmP6ccP63cmP63mcm2Pm2Pc2P2mP2c六方晶系6/mmmP6/mmmP6/mccP63/mcmP63/mmc立方23P23F23I23P213I213-2-mPm3Pn3Fm3Fd3Im3Pa3Ia3432P432P4232F432F4132I432P4332P4132I41323mP3mF3mI3mP3nF3cI3dPmmPnnPmnPnmFmmFmcFdmFdcImmmmIad32种晶体学点群的记号Symbolsofthe32CrystallographicPointGroups点群不存在平移操作，所有的对称要素都集中在一个共同的点上。对称要素包括旋转、反映、反伸（对称中心）与旋转反伸。有这4个对称要素组合出32个点群。下表中“轴向对称要素的方向和数目”的圆括号内数据代表该对称要素的数目。32种晶体学点群的记号Symbolsofthe32CrystallographicPointGroups点群(Pointgroup)序号(No.)晶系(Crystalsystem)国际符号(HM)圣佛利斯符号(Schfl.)轴向对称要素的方向和数目(Orientationandnumberofaxialsymmetryfactor)劳埃群(Lauegroup)1C11三斜晶系Ci2C2mC32单斜晶系2/mC2h2/m222D2mm2D2v3正交晶系mmmD2hmmmca[110]4C44S44/mC4h4/m422D442(2)2(2)4四方晶系4mmC4v4m(2)m(2)4/mmm-3-2mD2d2(2)m(2)4/mmmD4hca3C33C3i32D332(2)3mC3v3m(3)5三方晶系mD3dmca[210]6C66C3h6/mC6h6/m622D662(3)2(3)6mmC6v6m(3)m(3)m2D3hm(3)2(3)6六方晶系6/mmmD6h6/mmmc[111][110]23T2(3)3(4)mTh(4)m432O4(3)3(4)2(6)3mTd3(3)3(4)m(6)7立方晶系mmOh(4)mm不同晶系的晶格类型LatticeTypesofDifferentCrystalSystems不同晶系的晶格类型-4-LatticeTypesofDifferentCrystalSystems三斜简单立方体心立方面心立方三斜晶系立方晶系简单单斜底心单斜简单四方体心四方单斜晶系四方晶系简单正交底心正交交体正交面心正交正交晶系六方-5-三方六方晶系三方晶系常见单质的所属晶系CrystalSystemsofCommonElementarySubstances常见单质的所属晶系CrystalSystemsofCommonElementarySubstances单质名称(Nameofelementarysubstance)元素符号(Symbolofelement)晶系(Crystalsystem)单质名称(Nameofelementarysubstance)元素符号(Symbolofelement)晶系(Crystalsystem)银Ag立方铂Pt立方砷As三方正交硫S正交金Au立方单斜硫S单斜铋Bi三方三方硫S三方金刚石C立方锑Sb三方石墨C六方硒Se六方铜Cu立方硅Si立方α-铁Fe立方β-锡（白）Sn四方镍Ni立方碲Te六方铅Pb立方锌Zn六方常见矿石的名称、分子式与所属晶系Names,MolecularFormulasandCrystalSystemsofCommonOres常见矿石的名称、分子式与所属晶系Names,MolecularFormulasandCrystalSystemsofCommonOres名称(Name)分子式晶系(Crystal名称(Name)分子式晶系(Crystal-6-(Molecularformula)system)(Molecularformula)system)硫砷银矿AgAsS3三方橙红石HgO正交碲金银矿Ag3AuTe2立方辰砂HgS六方溴银盐AgBr立方黑辰砂HgS立方氯银盐AgCl立方硒汞矿HgTe立方辉铜银矿Ag1.55Cu0.45S-Ⅲ四方碲汞矿HgTe立方硫铜银矿Ag0.93Cu1.07S-Ⅲ正交白云石KAl2[AlSi3O10](OH)2单斜硒铜银矿AgCuSe正交锂云母K2Al3Li2[AlSi7O22](OH)4单斜硫铁银矿AgFe2S3正交明矾石KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6三方黄碘银矿AgI立方天然钾霞石KAlSiO4六方碘银矿AgI六方白榴石KAlSi2O6四方辉银矿Ag2S-Ⅱ立方高白榴石KAlSi2O6立方深红硫锑银矿AgSbS3三方铁白榴石KAlSi2O6四方高硒银矿Ag2Se立方微斜长石KAlSi3O8三斜碲银矿Ag2Te-Ⅲ单斜高透长石KAlSi3O8单斜刚玉Al2O3三方正长石KAlSi3O8单斜3·2莫来石3Al2O3·2SiO2正交钾石膏K2Ca(SO4)2·2H2O单斜2·1莫来石2Al2O3·SiO2正交钾盐KCl立方勃姆石AlO(OH)正交羟铁云母KFe3[AlSi3O10](OH)2单斜水铝石AlO(OH)正交铁羟铁云母KFe3[FeSi3O10](OH)2单斜（三）水铝矿Al(OH)3单斜铁透长石KFeSi3O8单斜块磷铝矿AlPO4六方铁微斜长石KFeSi3O8三斜蓝晶石Al2SiO5三斜氟金云母KMg3[AlSi3O10]F2单斜-7-黄玉Al2(SiO4)(OH)正交金云母KMg3[AlSi3O10](OH)2单斜叶蜡石Al2Si4O10(OH)2单斜硝石KNO3正交地开石Al2Si2O5(OH)4单斜单钾芒硝KS2SO4正交高岭石Al2Si2O5(OH)4三斜锂辉石LiAl(SiO3)2单斜珍珠陶土Al2Si2O5(OH)4单斜钙铁辉石LiAl(SiO3)2四方砷华As2O3立方透锂长石LiAlSi4O10单斜白砷石As2O3单斜高堇青石Mg2Al3(AlSi5O18)六方雄黄矿AsS单斜低堇青石Mg2Al3(AlSi5O18)正交雌黄As2S3单斜尖晶石MgAl2O4立方黑铋金矿Au2Bi立方镁铝榴石Mg3Al2Si3O12立方钡长石BaAl2Si2O8单斜菱镁矿MgCO3三方毒重石BaCO3正交氯镁石MgCl2三方菱钡镁石BaMg(CO3)2三方镁铬矿MgCr2O4立方钡钠长石BaNaAl4Si4O16正交氟镁石MgF2四方重晶石BaSO4正交方镁石MgO立方金绿宝石BeAl2O4正交水镁石Mg(OH)2六方铍石BeO六方泻盐矿MgSO4·7H2O正交铋华α-Bi2O3单斜无水钠镁矾MgSO4·3Na2SO4单斜辉铋矿Bi2S3正交斜顽火石MgSiO3单斜碲铋矿Bi2Te3三方原顽火辉石MgSiO3正交珍珠云母CaAl[Al2Si2O10](OH)2单斜高斜顽火石MgSiO3三斜钙长石CaAl2