美国国防部网络空间行动战略

DEPARTMENTOFDEFENSESTRATEGYFOROPERATINGINCYBERSPACEJULY2011INTRODUCTION1STRATEGICCONTEXT2FIVESTRATEGICINITIATIVESStrategicInitiative1:Treatcyberspaceasanoperationaldomaintoorganize,train,andequipsothatDoDcantakefulladvantageofcyberspace’spotential5StrategicInitiative2:EmploynewdefenseoperatingconceptstoprotectDoDnetworksandsystems6StrategicInitiative3:PartnerwithotherU.S.governmentdepartmentsandagenciesandtheprivatesectortoenableawhole-of-governmentcybersecuritystrategy8StrategicInitiative4:BuildrobustrelationshipswithU.S.alliesandinternationalpartnerstostrengthencollectivecybersecurity9StrategicInitiative5:Leveragethenation’singenuitythroughanexceptionalcyberworkforceandrapidtechnologicalinnovation10CONCLUSION13CONTENTSDepartmentofDefenseStrategyforOperatinginCyberspace1Cyberspaceisadefiningfeatureofmodernlife.Individualsandcommunitiesworldwideconnect,socialize,andorganizethemselvesinandthroughcyberspace.From2000to2010,globalInternetusageincreasedfrom360milliontoover2billionpeople.AsInternetusagecontinuestoexpand,cyberspacewillbecomeincreasinglywovenintothefabricofeverydaylifeacrosstheglobe.U.S.andinternationalbusinessestradegoodsandservicesincyberspace,movingassetsacrosstheglobeinseconds.Inadditiontofacilitatingtradeinothersectors,cyberspaceisitselfakeysectoroftheglobaleconomy.Cyberspacehasbecomeanincubatorfornewformsofentrepreneurship,advancesintechnology,thespreadoffreespeech,andnewsocialnetworksthatdriveoureconomyandreflectourprinciples.ThesecurityandeffectiveoperationofU.S.criticalinfrastructure–includingenergy,bankingandfinance,transportation,communication,andtheDefenseIndustrialBase–relyoncyberspace,industrialcontrolsystems,andinformationtechnologythatmaybevulnerabletodisruptionorexploitation.AlongwiththerestoftheU.S.government,theDepartmentofDefense(DoD)dependsoncyberspacetofunction.Itisdifficulttooverstatethisreliance;DoDoperatesover15,000networksandsevenmillioncomputingdevicesacrosshundredsofinstallationsindozensofcountriesaroundtheglobe.DoDusescyberspacetoenableitsmilitary,intelligence,andbusinessoperations,includingthemovementofpersonnelandmaterialandthecommandandcontrolofthefullspectrumofmilitaryoperations.TheDepartmentandthenationhavevulnerabilitiesincyberspace.Ourrelianceoncyberspacestandsinstarkcontrasttotheinadequacyofourcybersecurity–thesecurityofthetechnologiesthatweuseeachday.Moreover,thecontinuinggrowthofnetworkedsystems,devices,andplatformsmeansthatcyberspaceisembeddedintoanincreasingnumberofcapabilitiesuponwhichDoDreliestocompleteitsmission.Today,manyforeignnationsareworkingtoexploitDoDunclassifiedandclassifiednetworks,andsomeforeignintelligenceorganizationshavealreadyacquiredthecapacitytodisruptelementsofDoD’sinformationinfrastructure.Moreover,non-stateactorsincreasinglythreatentopenetrateanddisruptDoDnetworksandsystems.WerecognizethattheremaybemaliciousactivitiesonDoDnetworksandsystemsthatwehavenotyetdetected.DoD,workingwithitsinteragencyandinternationalpartners,seekstomitigatetherisksposedtoU.S.andalliedcyberspacecapabilities,whileprotectingandrespectingtheprinciplesofprivacyandcivilliberties,freeexpression,andinnovationthathavemadecyberspaceanintegralpartofU.S.prosperityandsecurity.HowtheDepartmentleveragestheopportunitiesofcyberspace,whilemanaginginherentuncertaintiesandreducingvulnerabilities,willsignificantlyimpactU.S.defensivereadinessandnationalsecurityforyearstocome.“Cybersecuritythreatsrepresentoneofthemostseriousnationalsecurity,publicsafety,andeconomicchallengeswefaceasanation.”-2010NationalSecurityStrategyINTRODUCTIONDepartmentofDefenseStrategyforOperatinginCyberspace2DoD’sStrengthsandOpportunitiesinCyberspaceAsdoesthenationasawhole,DoDreliesonasecureandreliablecyberspacethatprotectsfundamentalfreedoms,privacy,andthefreeflowofinformation.InsupportofbothU.S.corecommitmentsandnationalsecurity,DoDhassignificantstrengthsandopportunitiesincyberspace.TheU.S.military’sabilitytousecyberspaceforrapidcommunicationandinformationsharinginsupportofoperationsisacriticalenablerofDoDmissions.Morebroadly,DoD’sdepthofknowledgeintheglobalinformationandcommunicationstechnologysector,includingitscybersecurityexpertise,providestheDepartmentwithstrategicadvantagesincyberspace.ThequalityoftheUnitedStates’humancapitalandknowledgebaseinboththepublicandprivatesectorsprovidesDoDwithastrongfoundationonwhichtobuildcurrentandfuturecybercapabilities.DoDhasplayedacrucialroleinbuildingandleveragingthetechnologicalprowessoftheU.S.privatesectorthroughinvestmentsinpeople,research,andtechnology.DoDwillcontinuetoembracethisspiritofentrepreneurshipandworkinpartnershipwiththesecommunitiesandinstitutionstosucceedinitsfuturecyberspaceactivities.Giventhedynamismofcyberspace,nationsmustworktogethertodefendtheircommoninterestsandpromotesecurity.DoD’srelationshipwithU.S.alliesandinternationalpartnersprovidesastrongfoundationuponwhichtofurtherU.S.internationalcyberspacecooperation.Continuedinternationalengagement,collectiveself-defense,andtheestablishmentofinternationalcyberspacenormswillalsoservetostrengthencyberspa