11.春节是中国最重要的节日,是为了庆祝农历的新年。中国的春节期间,人们会遵守很多习俗。春节的前一天晚上,一家人通常聚在一起吃丰盛的团圆饭,饺子是春节期间最传统的食物。在许多地方,人们喜欢燃放鞭炮,在大门上贴春联。孩子们很喜欢春节,因为他们可吃到好东西穿上新衣服。他们还可以得到父母给的压岁钱,这些钱可以给他们带来好远。春节期间大约持续半个月,在此期间,人们走亲访友,互拜新年,便借此机会好好休息一下。2SpringFestivalisthemostimportantfestivalinChina.It’stocelebratethelunarcalendar’snewyear.DuringSpringFestival,peoplewillobservesomecustoms.IntheeveningbeforetheSpringFestival,familiesgettogetherandhaveabigmeal.Dumplingsarethemosttraditionalfood.Inmanyplacespeopleliketosetofffirecrackers.Childrenlikethefestivalverymuch,becausetheycanhavedeliciousfoodandwearnewclothes.Theycanalsogetsomemoneyfromtheirparents.Thismoneyisgiventochildrenforgoodluck.PeopleputNewYearscrollsonthewallforgoodfortune.TheSpringFestivallastsabout15dayslong.Peoplevisitrelativesandfriendswiththewords“Haveallyourwishes”.PeopleenjoytheSpringFestival,duringthistimetheycanhaveagoodrest.32.中国戏曲是中国戏剧和音乐剧的结合,其起源可追朔到3世纪。中国戏曲有很多地方剧分支,京剧是其中最有名的一个。京剧出现于18世纪末,并于十九世纪中期得到充分发展和认可。京剧在清朝宫廷特别受欢迎,并已被视为中国的文化珍品之一。中国戏曲会用到面具。面具的各种颜色代表不同的含义,用来表现人物角色,说明他们的情感状态和大致性格。ChineseoperaisacombinationofChinesedramaandmusicaltheatre,whichrootsbackasfarasthethirdcentury.TherearenumerousregionalbranchesofChineseopera,ofwhichtheBeijingoperaisoneofthemostnotable.TheBeijingoperaaroseinthelate18thcenturyandbecamefullydevelopedandrecognizedbythemid-19thcentury.ItwasextremelypopularintheQingdynastycourtandhasbeenregardedasoneoftheculturaltreasuresofChina.MasksareusedinChineseopera.Eachcolorofthemaskhasadifferentmeaning,portrayingacharacter’sroleandillustratingtheiremotionalstateandgeneralcharacter.43.四合院(siheyuan)是中国传统民居中最重要的形式。它数量多,分布广,并且在汉族、满族、白族以及其他少数民族中十分流行。大多数房屋采用木质框架。主屋建在南北走向的轴线上,两个厢房则位于四合院的两侧。家庭中的长者住在主屋中,而两翼则是年轻一代的卧室。妇女住在内院,客人和男仆住在外院,这种分布符合封建礼制(feudalregulations)。四合院遍布中国的城乡,但由于各地自然条件和生活方式各有不同,因此发展出各自的特征。北京的四合院是最具代表性的。SiheyuanisthemostimportantformofChinesetraditionalresidentialhome(vernaculardwelling).Itisgreatinnumberandwideindistribution,popularamongtheHan,Manchu,Baiandsomeofotherminoritygroups.Mostofthehousesareofwoodframework.Theprincipalroomisbuiltonthesouth-northaxis,andthewingroomsarelocatedonbothsidesofit.Thefamilyeldersliveintheprincipalroomandwingsarebedroomsfortheyoungergenerations.Womenliveintheinneryard.Guestsandmaleservantsliveintheouteryard.This5distributionisinaccordancewiththefeudalregulations.SiheyuanspreadsovertownsandvillagesthroughoutChina,buteachdevelopeditsowncharacteristicsasofresultofrespectivenaturalconditionsanddifferentwayoflife.SiheyuaninBeijingisthemostrepresentative.4.中国传统文化正在吸引全世界的注意,尽管在传统意义上被看成是西方文化的流行文化开始在中国广泛传播。尤其是中国功夫,对于那些通过功夫初次了解中国的成千上万的人来讲,有着非常大的影响。由于功夫,他们可能来到中国,学习了解中国文化的其他方面,比如京剧和川剧这样的传统戏剧。亚洲国家很早以前就知道古代中国文化的博大。他们自己的文化混合了本民族文化和中国文化的特色。TraditionalChinesecultureisbeginningtocapturetheattentionoftheworld.ThisistrueevenaspopularculturethathastraditionallybeenconsideredWesternbeginstospreadthroughoutChina.KungFu,especially,hashadagreatimpactonthemillionsofpeoplewhofirst6learnedaboutChinathroughit.Fromthat,theymaycometoChinaandlearnaboutotheraspectsofthisculture,suchastraditionaloperasliketheBeijingandSichuanones.AsiannationshavelongknownaboutthegreatnessofancientChineseculture.TheirownculturesareamixofnativeonesandthoseChinesecharacteristics.5.我们中国是世界上最大的国家之一,它的领土和整个欧洲的面积差不多相等。在这个广大的领土之上,有广大的肥田沃地给我们以衣食之源;有纵横全国的大小山脉,生长了广大的森林,贮藏了丰富的矿产;有很多的江河湖泽,给我们以舟辑和灌溉之利;有很长的海岸线,给我们以交通海外各民族的方便。难点注释:1)广大的肥田沃地largeareasoffertileland2)给我们以衣食之源provideuswithfoodandclothing3)纵横全国的大小山脉mountainrangesacrossitslengthandbreadth74)广大的森林,丰富的矿产withextensiveforestsandrichmineraldeposits5)给我们以舟辑和灌溉之利provideuswithwatertransportandirrigation6)交通海外各民族的方便facilitatecommunicationwithnationsbeyondtheseasChinaisoneofthelargestcountriesintheworld,herterritorybeingaboutthesizeofthewholeofEurope.Inthevastcountryofourstherearelargeareasoffertilelandwhichprovideuswithfoodandclothing,mountainrangesacrossitslengthandbreadthwithextensiveforestsandrichmineraldeposits,manyriversandlakeswhichprovideuswithwatertransportandirrigation,andalongcoastlinewhichfacilitatescommunicationwithnationsbeyondtheseas.6.中国是一个有着5000多年悠久历史的文明古国。长期以来,中国人民以自己的勤劳智慧创造了灿烂的中华文明,为人类文明进步做出了重大贡献。北京就是一座有3000多年悠久历史的文明古城,800多年前北京开始建都。离今晚会场人民大会堂不远的地方,就是举世闻名的故8宫。故宫始建于600年前,是世界上现存最大最完整的古代宫殿建筑群。从历史悠久的北京和建筑精美的故宫这些缩影中,人们就能够生动地感受到中华文明源远流长、博大精深的深厚底蕴,感受到中华民族自强不息、顽强奋进的壮阔历程。Chinaisanancientcivilizationwithahistoryofover5,000years.TheChinesepeoplehavemademajorcontributiontohumanprogressbycreatingthesplendidChinesecivilizationwithhardworkandingenuity.ThecityofBeijing,withitslonghistoryofover3,000years,standstestimonytothateffort.Itsestablishmentasthecapitalcitybeganover800yearsago.AshortdistancefromtheGreatHallofthePeople,wherewearemeetingrightnow,istheworld-renownedImperialPalace.Firstbuiltsome600yearsago,itisthelargestandmostcompleteexistingarchitecturalcomplexofancientroyalpalaceintheworld.Fromthetime-honoredcapitalanditsmajesticpalace,peoplecan9feelvividlythelongstandingandprofoundrichnessoftheChinesecivilization,andthegrandcourseofhistoricaldevelopmentthattheChinesenationhasfollowedwithadauntlessanddashingspirit.7.徐霞客一生周游考察了十六个省,足迹几乎遍及