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1第一章soil土rock岩土sand沙土silt粉土clay粘土weathering风化disintegration分解;崩解decomposition分解作用mineral矿物crack裂缝fracture断裂;破裂debris岩屑thermalstress热应力rockmass岩体sandstone砂岩gravel砾石parentrock母岩naturalsoil天然土;底土residualsoil残积土transportedsoil运积土moraine冰泽igneousrock火成岩granite花岗岩basalt玄武岩sedimentaryrock沉积岩limestone石灰岩shale页岩alluvialsoil冲积土wind-bornesoil风积土loess黄土dune沙丘windblownsilt风积尘土siltyclay粉质粘土glacialsoil冰川沉积土pleistoceneepoch更新世glacialdeposit冰川沉积erosion侵蚀boulder漂石fragment碎屑foundationengineering基础工程bedrock基岩2glacialtill冰土unstratified非层状的unconsolidated不固结的heterogeneous非均质的marshsoil沼泽土muck淤泥,腐植土inorganicsoil无机土soilparticle土粒void孔隙solidphase固相liquidphase液相vaporphase气相saturatedsoil饱和土drysoil干土originalmineral原生矿物quartz石英feldspar长石isinglass云母hornblende角闪石pyroxene辉石coarseness粗度roundness圆度secondarymineral次生矿物kaolinite高岭石illite依利石montmorillonite蒙脱石watercontent含水量crystalstructure晶体结构crystalcell晶胞alluminosilicate铝硅酸盐isomorphousreplacement同晶置换graingroup粒组scree卵石colloidalparticle胶粒sieveanalysis筛分析gradingcurve粒晶分布曲线crystallattice晶格hygroscopicwater吸着水capillarywater毛细管水gravitationalwater重力水fabric组构singlegrainfabric单粒组构flocculentfabric絮凝组构disperdedfabric分散组构3bulkdensity湿密度unitweight容重specificgravity比重watercontent含水量voidratio孔隙比porosity孔隙率drydensity干密度degreeofsaturation饱和度saturatedunitweight饱和容重dryunitweight干容重buoyantdensity浮密度buoyantunitweight浮容重relativedensity相对密度consistency稠度liquidlimit液限plasticlimit塑限shrinkagelimit缩限kneadingmethod搓滚法liquid-plasticlimitcombineddevice液塑限联合测定仪plasticityindex塑性指数liquidityindex液性指数compaction压实，夯实classification分类coarsegrainedsoil粗粒土finegrainedsoil细粒土liquefaction液化第二章seepage渗透totalhead总水头elevationhead位置水头pressurehead压力水头headloss水头损失darcy’slaw达西定律porewaterpressure孔隙水压力coefficientofpermeability渗透系数hydraulicgradient水力坡降(水力梯度)flowpathlength渗径长度constant-headtest常水头试验falling-headtest变水头试验pumpingtest压水试验groundwater地下水soillayers土层4Laplace’sEquation拉普拉斯方程homogeneous均质的isotropic各向同性的anisotropic各向异性的incompressible不可压缩的finitedifferencemethod有限差分法finiteelementmethod有限单元法boundaryelementmethod边界单元法flownet流网equipotentiallines等势线flowlines流线theprincipleofeffectivestress有效应力原理totalstress总应力effectivestress有效应力piezometer孔隙水压力计standpipe测压管seepageforce渗流力liquefaction液化boiling砂沸heaving隆起piping管涌CriticalHydraulicGradient临界水力梯度第三章additionalstress（stressincrease）附加应力at-rest静止bulkunitweight天然（湿）容重buoyantunitweight浮容重centricload中心荷载coefficientoflateralearthpressureatrest静止土压力系数compatible相容，协调concentratedload点荷载，集中荷载contactpressure基底压力dam坝deposit沉（堆）积，沉（堆）积物eccentricload偏心荷载effectiveoverburdenpressure自重应力（有效）elastichalf-space弹性半空间体embankment堤坝，堤防，路堤embedmentdepth埋置深度flexiblefoundation柔性基础foundation基础geostaticstress自重应力5geotechnicalengineering岩土工程GL=groundlevel地面GWL=groundwaterlevel地下水位Ground地基Heterogeneous非均质Homogeneous均质Hydraulicfill水力吹填Heave隆起In-situ原位，现场Isotropic各向同性Landfill填埋场Lineload线荷载Loadintensity荷载强（集）度Majoraxis主轴Man-madeground人工地基Medium介质Moment力矩Momentofinertia惯性矩Naturalground天然地基Netcontactpressure基底净压力（基底附加压力）Offsetting偏心矩Overturning倾覆Pointload点荷载，几种荷载Principleofsuperposition叠加原理Reclamation围垦Retainingwall挡（土）墙Rigidfoundation刚性基础Sediment沉积（淀），沉积（淀）物Semi-infinitemass半无限体Settlement沉降Solidwaste固体废弃物Stratum（土，地）层Stripfoundation条形基础Stressincrease附加应力Superimposedstress附加应力Thrust推力Tracingpaper描图（透明，透写）纸第四章,第五章architecturaldamage建筑损伤brittle脆性caisson沉箱，沉井coefficientofconsolidation固结系数6coefficientofvolumecompressibility体积压缩系数collapsesettlement湿陷沉降collapsiblesoil湿陷性土compressiblelayer压缩层compression压缩compressionindex压缩指数compressionmodulus压缩摸量consolidation固结consolidationanalogy固结模型curvefitting曲线拟合deformationmodulus变形摸量degreeofconsolidation固结度dialgauge量表，百分表differentialsettlement差异沉降dissipation消散drained，drainage排水drilledshaft钻孔桩drivenpile打入桩expansionindex回弹指数expansivesoil膨胀土floodgate闸门half-closedlayer单面排水层hoggingcrack顶裂Hooke’slaw虎克定律hystereticloop回滞环in-situcompressioncurve现场压缩曲线intactspecimen原状试样isochrones等时线loadingratio荷载率loess黄土masonry砌体，砌石normallyconsolidated正常固结oedometer固结仪oedometertest固结实验openlayer双面排水层overconsolidated超固结overconsolidationratio超固结比peatysoil泥炭土piezometer孔压计poisson’sratio泊松比porousstone透水石preconsolidationpressure前期固结应力primaryconsolidation主固结7reboundingcurve回弹曲线recompressioncurve再压缩曲线secondaryconsolidation次固结settlement沉降soilmass土体soilskeleton土骨架specimen土样standpipe测压管stratum（pl.strata）土层stresshistory应力历史structuraldamage结构损伤subsidence沉陷swellingcurve回弹曲线swellingindex回弹指数timefactor时间因数totalhead总水头underconsolidated欠固结underpin托换undrained不排水unevensettlement不均匀沉降virgincompressioncurve初始压缩曲线Young’smodulus杨氏摸量第六章all-roundpressure围压anisotropic非各项相等borehole钻孔cohesion凝聚力compression压缩consolidated-drained固结排水consolidated-quicksheartest固结快剪试验consolidated-slowsheartest固结慢剪试验consolidated-untrained固结不排水creep蠕变critical极限的criticalstate极限状态criticalvoidratio临界孔隙比crushing压碎cyclicrepeatload循环荷载cylindricalspecimen圆柱试样densesand紧砂density密度8deposition沉积deviatorstress压力差dilatancy膨胀directlysheartest直剪试验drainagevolume排水量dynamicload动力荷载excavation开挖failure破坏failureenvelop强度包线fracturing破裂frictionangle摩擦角frictionresistance摩擦阻力hollowcylinder空心圆柱interlocking咬合intermedi