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1UNIT1给水工程watersupplyengineering排水工程sewetageengineering市政工程civilengineering市政工程师civilengineer环境工程environmentalengineering水文学hydrology水力学hydranlies水环境naturalaquaticenvironment流域watershed水体waterbody地表水surfacewater新鲜水freshwater地下水groundwater含水层aquifer天然含水层naturalaquifer地下含水层undergroundaquifer水文循环naturalhydrologiccycle渗滤infiltration降水precipitation渗入precolation蒸发evaporation蒸腾transpiration城市水文循环urbanhydrologiccycle水源watersource水资源waterresource取水waterwithdrawal水处理watertreatment配水waterdistribution用水wateruse污水wastewater废水abwasser废水收集wastewatercollection废水处理wastewaterdisposal受纳水体receivingwaters污染pollutionpollute污染物pollntant玷污、污染contamination致污物contaminant未污染uncontaminated水污染waterpollution水污染控制waterpollutioncontrol水污染防治waterpollutionprevention污水回用wastewaterreuseUNIT2水短缺waterscarcity地表水资源surfacewaterresource管网PipeNetwork供水系统watersupplysystem市政配水系统municipaldistributionsystem建筑给水系统housewatersupplysystem分区供水系统dualdistributionsystem小区microdistrict小社区smallcommunity冷水供水系统coldwatersupplysystem热水供水系统hotwatersupplysystem消防系统fireprotectionsystem喷淋系统fireprotectionsprinklersystem自动水幕系统automaticdrenchersystem半自动水幕系统semiautomaticdrenchersystem消火栓hydrant排水系统drainagesystem生活排水系统sanitarysystem工业排水系统industrialsystem雨水排水系统stormwatersystem合流制combinedsewers分流制separatesewers建筑排水系统buildingdrainagesystem卫生洁具plumbingfixtures卫浴设备bathroomfixtures输水系统watertransmissionsystem漏水率leakagerate配水系统waterdistributionsystem环状管网gridsystem支状管网branchingsystem下水管道sanitarysewer污水节流管interceptingsewer污水节流系统interceptingsewersystem污水节流井sewageinterceptingcell支管collectionsewercollectorsewer生活污水sanitarysewagedomesticsewagedomesticwastewater工业污水industrialwastewater工业污水/液/物industrialwastes农业用水agriculturalwastewater/wastes雨水rainwaterstormwater水位waterlevel海拔、标高elevation坡度grade倾斜度slope明渠Openchannel2开挖excavation深度excavationdepth水力分析hydraulicanalysis水头pressurehead总水头totalheadUnit3水头损失Headloss速度头动压头Velocityhead静压Statichead摩擦水头Frictionhead水力坡度线Hydranlicgradeline重力流Gravityflow水塔Watercastle贮水箱Cistern泵站Pumpstation给水泵站Waterpumpstation污水泵站Sewagestation提升泵站Liftpumpingplant增压泵Boosterpump离心泵Centrifugalpump潜水泵Submersiblepump潜水艇Submerine深井泵Wellpump虹吸虹吸管Siphon人孔Manhole法兰Flange阀门Valve闸阀Gatevalve泵送系统Pumpingsystem流量Flowrate流速Fluidvelocity层流Laminarflow滞流粘性流viscousflow过渡流Transitionalflow湍流Turbulentflow紊流Turbulenceflow涡流Eddyingflow雷诺数Teynoldsnumber水质Waterguality水源Watersources供水水源Watersupples原水Rawwater未处理水Untreatedwater出水Finishedwater原水水质Raw-waterquality水质标准Waterqualitystandards水质要求Waterqualityrequirements饮用水Drinkwater\potablewater自来水Tapwater纯水Purewater饮用水标准Drinkingwaterstandards饮用水一级标Primarydrinkingwaterstandards最大允许浓度Maxmumpermissiblelevelsmaxmumallowablelevels最大污染物浓度Maxmumcontaminantlevels主要污染物Primarycontaminants有机化合物Organicchemicals合成有机化合物Syntheticorganicchemicals挥发性有机化合物Volatileorganicohemicals无机化合物Inorganicchemical微生物Microorganisms\microbes微生物污染Microbialcontaminants病原微生物Pathogenicmicroorganisms病原体Pathogenic病毒Pathogenicbacterin细菌Bacteria大肠杆菌Coliformbacteria病毒Viruses藻类Algae浊度Turbidity放射性Radionuclide感官性状Estheticqualities审美Esthetic味Taste嗅Odo色Colour变色Discolouration变色Discolor水质物理参数Physicalparametersofwaterquality水的物理性质Physicalqualityofwater浊度值Turbidityvalues浊度单位Turdidityunit浑浊单位Turdid嗅阈值Thresholdodornumber化学性质Chemicalquality水质化学参数Chemicalparametersofwaterquality溶解氧Dissolvedoxygen(DO)溶解氧浓度Dolevel溶解氧平衡Dobalance氧损Oxygendepletion有机污染物Organicpollutant生化需氧量Biochemicaloxygendemand(BOD)总氮Totalnitrogen(TN)3总凯式氮TotalKjeldahlnitrogen(TKN)悬浮固体Suspendedsolids(SS)总悬浮固体Totalsuspendedsolids(TSS)溶解Dissolved(DS)总溶解Totaldissolved(TDS)Unit4溶解的铁和锰Dissolvedironandmanganese硬度Hardness碱度Alkalinity盐度Salinity有害物质Toxicandhazardousmaterials氰化物Cyanides急性毒性Acutetoxity慢性毒性Chronictoxity基因毒性Genetictoxicity基因Gene难降解有机化合物Refractoryorganicchemicals永久性有机污染物Persistentorganicpollutants致癌化学性Carcinogenicchemicals三卤甲烷Trihalomethanes卤素Halogen甲基Methyl氯仿Trichloromethane三氯甲烷Chloroform杀虫剂农药Pesticide害虫Pest杀虫剂Insecticide除草剂Herbicide杀菌剂Germicide细菌Germ防腐剂Preservative保证Preserve清洗剂Cleaningagent洗涤剂Detergent发泡剂Foamingagent泡沫Foam化肥Fertilizer肥沃的Fertile富营养化Eutrophication营养的Trophic营养水平Trophiclevel生态位NicheUnit5原污水Rawsewage原废水Rawwastes处理水Treatedwastes回用水Redaimedwater水处理过程Waterprocessing收集Collect处置Dispose处理方法Treatmentmethod处理费用Treatmentcosts处理单元Treatmentprocess运行模式Operationalmode间歇处理方式Batchtreatmentapproach均匀均化Equalization均匀Equalize调蓄水池Equalizationstorage调节池Equalizationtank蓄水池Storagetank降解Degrade分解Decompose分离Separate隔离Separation物理法Physicalprocess物理处理Physicaltreatment物理处理过程Physicaltreatmentprocess一级处理Primarytreatment初步处理Preliminarytreatment格栅筛滤Screening格栅Screen格栅Barscreen栅条Bars钢栅条Steelbars渣耙Cleaningrakes圆形破碎机Circulargrinder破碎Grind除砂Degritting砂Grit沙Sand除砂Gritremoval沉砂池Gritchamber沉淀Settling沉淀池Settlingtank澄清池Clarifier初澄清池Primaryclarifier初沉池Primarysettlingtank一级出水Primaryeffluent二级处理Secondarytreatment二级处理工艺Secondarytreatmentprocess生物处理Biologicaltreatment二澄清池Secondaryclarifier二沉池Secondarysettlingtank4最终澄清池Finalclarifier最终沉淀池Finalsettlingtank二级出水Secondaryeffluent三级处理Tertiarytreatment深度处理Advancedtreatment废水消毒Wastedisinfection出流出水Effluentflow允许浓度Allowablelevels优异出水H