现代英语词汇学第一章

1.CourseName:ModernEnglishLexicology2.Hours:90mins/lecture,onelecture/week3.TeachingMaterial:ModernEnglishLexicology《现代英语词汇学》byLuGuoqiang(陆国强)4.ReferenceBooks:1)张维友：《英语词汇学教程》（第2版），武汉：华中师范大学出版社，2004年2月版。2)汪榕培、卢晓娟编著：《英语词汇学教程》（第1版），上海外语教育出版社，1997年10月版3)汪榕培、王之江、吴晓维的《英语词汇学教程读本》，上海外语教育出版社，英语编写。4)林承璋、刘世平的《英语词汇学引论》，武汉大学出版社，英语编写，但较厚、较难。5.Whatwillyougetfromsuchcourse?1)WidervocabularyCET4:4000,CET6:6000,TEM4:8000,TME8:10000-12000,TOFEL:15000,GRE:200002)ThehistoryofEnglishvocabularydevelopmentRomanInvasion---Anglo-SaxonConquest---NormanConquest----theRenaissance---the17thand18thcentury----the19thand20thcentury----afterWorldWarII3)Someacceptabletopicsforyourgraduationthesis现代英语词汇迅速发展的源泉网络英语的词汇类型及其特点广告英语的词汇特点英语词汇意义的特点与词汇教学论中英文中动物词汇的文化差异英汉文化内涵在动物词汇上的体现(Backgroundinformation)1.TheNatureandDomainofEnglishLexicology(lexicon:lexikon,Greekorigin,”ofwords”)Lexicologyisabranchoflinguistics,concernedwiththestudyofthevocabularyofagivenlanguage.EnglishlexicologydealswithEnglishwords,theiroriginmeaning,historicaldevelopment,morphologicalstructures(形态结构),semanticstructures,senserelations,idioms,formationandusages.Inshort,itisthestudyofthesignificationandapplicationofEnglishvocabulary.EnglishlexicologyisatheoreticallyorientedcourseinwhichthebasictheoriesofEnglishwordsarediscussed.However,itisalsoapracticalcourse,forinthediscussion,weshallinevitablydealwithcopious(=rich)stocksofwordsandidioms,andstudyagreatmanyusageexamples.Therewill,naturally,bealotofpracticeinvolved.Englishlexicologyitselfisasubbranchoflinguistics.Butitiscloselyrelatedtootherbranchesoflinguistics,suchasphonetics（语音学）,morphology（形态学）,grammar,semantics,etymology（语源学）,stylistics（文体学）,lexicography（词典编纂学）,eachofwhichhasbeenestablishedasasubjectonitsown.TophoneticsPhoneticsisthebranchoflinguisticswhichstudiesthecharacteristicsofspeechsoundsandprovidesmethodsforthedescription,classificationandtranscription.Itiscloselyconnectedwithlexicology.Withoutsoundthereisnowordbecauseeverywordisaunityofsoundandmeaning.Tomorphology（词态学/形态学）Morphologyisthebranchoflinguistics,whichstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsandrulesbywhichwordsareformed.Morphologyisgenerallydividedintotwofields:thestudyofinflections(alsocalledInflectionalMorphology曲折形态学)andthestudyofword-formation(oftenreferredtoasLexicalorDerivationalMorphology.（词汇形态学/派生形态学）Thisisoneofthemajorconcernsoflexicology,whichdiscussestheinflectionsofwords,theinternalstructureofwordsandmethodsofword-formation.Togrammar（语法）Grammaristhestudyortheuseoftherulesbywhichwordschangetheirformsandarecombinedintosentences.Wordsandgrammarareorganicallyrelatedtooneother.Vocabulary，asflesh,andgrammar,asskeleton,jointlyconstructagivenlanguage.Tosemantics（语义学）Semanticsisthebranchoflinguistics,whichstudiesthemeaningsoflanguageatdifferentlevels:lexicon（词汇，与语法相对应的）,syntax（句法）,utterance（表达）,discourse(语段，话语),etc.Lexicologyfocusesonthelexicallevel.Thetypesofmeaningandsenserelations,suchassynonymy,antonymy,hyponymy(上下位关系),polysemy（一词多义）,homonymy（同音异义）andsemanticfields(语义场)allbelongtothesemanticstudyandconstituteanimportantpartoflexicology.Toetymology(语源学)Etymologyisthescientificstudyoftheorigins,history,andchangingmeaningsofwords.ModernEnglishisderivedfromthelanguagesofearlyGermanictribeswithafairlysmallvocabulary.LexicologydealswithhowthisvocabularyhasdevelopedintoahugemodernEnglishvocabularyandhowthechangeshavetakenplaceintheformsandmeaningsofwords.Tostylistics（文体学）Stylisticsisthestudyofstyle.Itisconcernedwiththeuser‘schoicesoflinguisticelementsinaparticularcontextforspecialeffects.Amongtheareasofstudyarelexis（词汇）,phonology(音韵学),syntax（句法学）,andgraphology（笔迹学）.Lexicologystudiesstylisticvariantsonthebasisofmeaningsofwordsandtheirchanges:synonyms,antonyms,figuresofspeech（修辞）,etc.Lexicographyshareswithlexicologythesameproblems:theform,meaning,originandusageofwords,buttheyhaveadifference.Alexicographer‘staskistorecordthelanguageasitissoastopresentthegenuinepictureofwordstothereader,providingauthoritativereference,whereasthestudentoflexicologyistoacquiretheknowledgeandinformationoflexissoastoenhancetheirawarenessandcapacityoflanguageuse.MODERNENGLISHMIDDLEENGLISHOLDENGLISHTheperiodfrom450to1150isknownastheOldEnglish,orAnglo-Saxonperiod.Itisdescribedastheperiodoffullinflections,sinceduringmostofthisperiodthecaseendingsofthenoun,theadjective,andtheconjugation（词形变化）oftheverbwerenotweakenedOldEnglishwasahighlyinflectedlanguage.ThevocabularyofOldEnglishconsistedmainlyofAnglo-Saxonwords.ButwhentheNormanConquestin1066broughttheFrenchtoEngland,muchoftheEnglishvocabularywasreplacedbywordsborrowedfromFrenchandLatin.Theperiodfrom1150to1500isknownastheMiddleEnglishperiod.Duringthisperiodtheinflections,whichhadbeguntobreakdowntowardstheendofOldEnglishperiod,becamegreatlyreduced,anditisknownastheperiodofleveledinflections.(曲折变化削弱阶段)ThisperiodwasmarkedbyimportantchangesintheEnglishlanguage.TheNormanConquestwasthecauseofthesechanges.Thechangesofthisperiodhadagreateffectonbothgrammarandvocabulary.IngrammarEnglis