1梯形钢屋架课程设计一、设计资料题号19:1、已知条件是:梯形钢屋架跨度为27m,长度72m,柱距6m。该车间内设有两台200/50kN中级工作制吊车,轨顶标高为8.500m。冬季最低温度为-20C,地震设计烈度为7度,设计基本地震加速度为0.1g。采用1.5m×6m预应力混凝土大型屋面板,80mm厚泡沫混凝土保温层,卷材屋面,屋面坡度i=1/10。屋面活荷载标准值为0.7kPa,雪荷载标准值为0.75kN/2m,积灰荷载标准值为0.6kN/2m,基本风压0.60kN/2m。屋架铰支在钢筋混凝土柱上,上柱截面为400mm×400mm,混凝土标号为C20。钢材采用Q235B级,焊条采用E43型。要求设计钢屋架并绘制施工图。2、屋架计算跨度:L0=27-2×0.15=26.7m3、跨中及端部高度:设计为无檩屋盖方案,采用平坡梯形屋架,取屋架在30m轴线处的端部高度01.990hm,屋架的中间高度:3.490hm(为0/8.5L),则屋架在29.7m处,两端的高度为02.005hm。屋架跨中起拱按/500L考虑,取60mm。二、结构形式与布置屋架形式及几何尺寸如下图:梯形钢屋架支撑2垂直支撑图屋架上弦支撑图屋架下弦支撑图31、荷载计算屋面荷载与雪荷载不会同时出现,计算时取较大值进行计算,故取雪荷载荷载0.75kN/m2进行计算。2、屋架沿水平投影面积分布的自重(包括支撑)按经验公式2/)11.012.0(mkNlgk计算,跨度单位为米(m)。荷载计算表如下:荷载名称标准值(kN/m2)设计值(kN/m2)预应力混凝土大型屋面板1.41.4×1.35=1.89三毡四油防水层0.40.4×1.35=0.54找平层(厚20mm)0.2×20=0.40.4×1.35=0.5480厚泡沫混凝土保护层0.08×6=0.480.48×1.35=0.648屋架和支撑自重0.12+0.011×030=0.450.45×1.35=0.608管道荷载0.10.1×1.35=0.135永久荷载总和3.234.361雪荷载0.750.7×1.4=1.05积灰荷载0.60.6×1.4=0.84可变荷载总和1.351.893、设计屋架时,应考虑以下三种荷载组合(1)全跨永久荷载+全跨可变荷载:kNF259.5665.1)89.1361.4((2)全跨永久荷载+半跨可变荷载全跨节点永久荷载:kNF249.3965.1361.41半跨节点可变荷载:kNF01.1765.189.12(3)全跨屋架(包括支撑)自重+半跨屋面板自重+半跨屋面活荷载全跨节点屋架自重:kNF47.565.1608.03半跨接点屋面板自重及活荷载:kNF76.2365.1)75.089.1(4(1)、(2)为使用节点荷载情况,(3)为施工阶段荷载情况。4、内力计算屋架在上述三种荷载组合作用下的计算简图如下:4由数解法解得F=1时的屋架各杆件的内力系数(F=1作用于全跨\左半跨和右半跨).然后进行组合,如下表:5杆件名称内力系数(F=1)第一种组合F×①第二种组合第三种组合计算杆件内力(kN)全跨①左半跨②右半跨③F1×①+F2×②F1×①+F2×③F3×①+F4×②F3×①+F4×③上弦AB000000000BC、CD-11.29-8.46-3.46-628.05141-581.69601-499.79601-258.9589-142.4089-628.15141DE、EF-18.19-13.05-6.28-1011.8915-927.69831-816.80571-403.6948-245.8861-628.05141FG、GH-21.58-14.61-8.52-1200.4738-1086.30522-986.55102-458.6017-316.6438-1011.8915HI-22.43-13.98-10.33-1247.7585-1109.34747-1049.5605-448.5659-363.4844-1200.4738IJ、JK-22.9-14.45-10.33-1273.9041-1135.4931-1068.0075-462.0925-366.0553-1247.7585下弦ab6.024.61.75334.88658311.62698264.94398140.155473.7219334.88658bc15.1811.154.93844.44822778.43682676.55322342.9411197.9529844.44822cd20.1414.077.421120.368061020.94146912.01446438.1375283.1261120.36806de22.1514.459.421232.182351106.056351023.66495457.99340.74071232.18235ef21.311.6611.771184.89771026.99451028.7963388.3056390.86971184.8977斜腹杆aB-11.32-8.63-3.28-629.72028-585.65808-498.02508-263.0857-138.3772-629.72028Bb9.056.642.95503.44245463.96665403.52445204.2819118.268503.44245bD-7.56-5.23-2.85-420.55524-382.38984-343.40544-163.2645-107.7867-420.55524Dc5.553.52.51308.74095275.16195258.94575111.943588.8666308.74095cF-4.27-2.27-2.45-237.53583-204.77583-207.72423-76.2706-80.4664-237.53583Fd2.740.952.18152.423123.1032143.25037.13265.803152.4236466663646dH-1.570.19-2.14-87.33753-58.50873-96.67413-4.159-58.4713-96.67413He0.36-1.231.9420.02644-6.0177645.90684-26.702147.190647.1906-26.7021eg1.563.44-2.386.78124117.5756423.5544488.7196-45.0798117.57564-45.0798gK2.284.16-2.3126.83412157.6285251.81372109.4412-41.1414157.62852-41.1414gI0.650.65036.1588536.1588525.5118518.7073.555536.15885竖杆Aa-0.5-0.50-27.8145-27.8145-19.6245-14.39-2.735-27.8145Cb、Ec-1-10-55.629-55.629-39.249-28.78-5.47-55.629Gd-1-10-55.629-55.629-39.249-28.78-5.47-55.629Jg-1-10-55.629-55.629-39.249-28.78-5.47-55.629Ie-1.5-1.50-83.4435-83.4435-58.8735-43.17-8.205-83.4435Kf0.170.090.099.456938.146538.146533.02783.02789.4569375、杆件设计(1)上弦杆整个上弦采用等截面,按IJ、JK杆件的最大设计内力设计,即N=-1166.2491kN上弦杆计算长度:屋架平面内:为节间轴线长度,即mllox360.10屋架平面外:由于屋架为无檩体系,并且认为大型屋面板只起到刚性系杆作用,根据支持布置和内力变化情况,取yl0为支撑点间的距离,即yl0=3×1.360=4.08m根据屋架平面外上弦杆的计算长度,上弦截面选用两个不等肢角钢,短肢相并,如图:腹杆最大内力N=-610.41015kN,查表得中间节点板厚度选用12mm,支座节点板厚度选用14mm。设λ=60,查Q235钢的稳定系数表,得807.0(由双角钢组成的T形和十字形截面均属b类),则需要的截面积为:2370.6721215807.0102491.1166mmfNA需要的回转半径:mmmmlioxx67.22601360mmlioyy68604080根据需要A、xi、yi查角钢表,选用2∟180×110×14,肢背间距a=12mm,8则:A=78002mm,xi=30.8mm,yi=88.0mm验算:36.460.88408016.448.301360yoyyxoxxilil由于[]=150,所以满足细长比要求。因为xy,只需求y,查表得y=0.876,则MPaMPaMPaANy21568.1707800876.0102491.11663故所选截面符合要求。(2)下弦杆整个下弦杆采用同一截面,按最大内力所在的杆计算.N=1145.43324kNmmlox2700,13350226700oyl(因跨中有通长系杆),所需截面为:2227.536.532721524.1145433cmmmfNA选用2∟180×110×12,因oxoyll,故用不等肢角钢,短肢相并,如下图cmicmicmcmAyx75.8,10.3,31.5740.672235057.15275.813353509.8710.327000yyyxxxilil9故所选截面符合要求。(3)端斜杆aB杆件轴力:N=-610.41015kN计算长度:mmlloyox2450因为oyoxll,故采用不等肢角钢,长肢相并,使oyoxll.选用2∟140×90×10,则A=44.6cm2,cmix47.4,cmiy73.381.5447.4245xoxxil68.6573.3245yoyyil因为yx,只需要求y,查表得0.776,则MPaMPaANy21568.1762.4452776.01041015.6103所以所选截面符合要求。(4)腹杆eKeg此杆可在g点处不断开,采用通杆。最大拉力:kNNkNNeggK90.13536,107.8768最大压力:kNNkNNgKeg-47.2274,-45.9071在桁架平面内的计算长度取节点中心间距mmlx23010,在桁架平面外的计算长度:cmNNlly31.463)9071.452274.4725.075.0(460)25.075.0(1210选用2∟70×5,查表有:15097.13931.331.46315076.10616.26.23031.3,16.2,76.13002yyyxxxyxililcmicmicmA10因yx,只需求y,查表得y=0.345,则MPaMPaANMPaMPaANy2154.781376108768.1072157.961376345.0109071.4533拉应力:符合要求(5)竖杆IecmlmmllkNNyx2758,4.220627588.08.06845.5900由于杆件内力较小,按150][选择,则需要的回转半径为cmlicmliyyxx84.115081.275][47.115006.220][00查型钢表,选截面的xi和yi较上述计算的xi和yi略大。选用2∟63×5,其几何特征为15072.9004.38.27515073.11394.164.22004.3,94.1,26.12002yyyx