秀讲被动语态

ThePassiveVoiceMissZeng英语动词有两种语态：主动语态(theActiveVoice)被动语态(thePassiveVoice)Whatisit?A.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,发出者。B.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。Weplantedthetree.Thetreewasplantedbyus.WespeakEnglish.主语谓语宾语Englishisspokenbyus.主语谓语宾语主动语态被动语态Whentouseit?1.当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。2.当我们需要强调动作承受者，而不是动作的执行者。这本词典被保存完好(不需要说明是谁保存的)。这些书是在二十世纪二十年代发现的。（强调书被发现而不是强调由谁发现）Thedictionaryiswellkept.Thesebookswerefoundinthe1920s.助动词be+及物动词的过去分词be+P.P.+(bysb)注意：1:助动词be有人称、数的变化.2:只有及物动词才有被动语态。被动语态的结构(structure):1.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.主语+及物动词+宾语Shoesaremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般现在时：S(主语）+am/is/are+过去分词主变被解题步骤:1.找宾语----即动作的承受者Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.Shoes2.判断宾语的单复数----即be动词的单复数.arewere3.判断动词的时态----即be动词的时态.4.修改谓语的时态----即原句动词改为过去分词made5.修改原句的主语----即by+主语.bythem.主动变被动应注意的情况：1.把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语;2.把动词变成“be+过去分词”;3.主动语态中的主语变为介词by的宾语。主动语态变被动语态口诀：宾语提前主语变，时态人称be关键,原主变宾by后见。TheyplayfootballonSunday.Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening.Theyoftenusecomputersinclass.WemakethesemachinesinChina.PeoplespeakEnglishasthefirstlanguageinUK.FootballisplayedbythemonSunday.ThehomeworkisdonebyLucyintheevening.Computersareoftenusedbytheminclass.ThesemachinesaremadebyusinChina.EnglishisspokenasthefirstlanguageinUK.你知道这些被动句的否定句和一般疑问句吗？2.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm．Tencomputerswerebought(bythem)lastterm.一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear.Hetookgoodcareofhislittlebrotheryesterday.Wecleanedourclassroomjustnow.Theyusedthisroomforresting.Theyplantedmanytreesyearsago.Thetallbuildingwasbuiltbythemlastyear.Hislittlebrotherwastakengoodcareofbyhimyesterday.Ourclassroomwascleanedbyusjustnow.Thisroomwasusedforrestingbythem.Manytreeswereplantedbythemyearsago.3.Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.Theworkwillbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般将来时：S+will+be+过去分词3:Theyaregoingtohaveaneveningpartytomorrow.Aneveningpartyisgoingtobehad(bythem)tomorrow.一般将来时：S+begoingtobe+过去分词Wewillhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.Childrenwilltakesomephotosontheplaygroundtomorrow.Theheadmasterwillgiveatalkthisafternoon.UncleWangisgoingtomendtheTVsettomorrow.Asportsmeetingwillbehadbyusnextweek.Somephotoswillbetakenbychildrenontheplaygroundtomorrow.Atalkwillbegivenbytheheadmasterthisafternoon.TheTVsetisgoingtobemendedbyUncleWangtomorrow.4．AmycantakegoodcareofTina．TinacanbetakengoodcareofbyAmy.情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词1.Hecantakecareofthebaby.2.Lucymaydrawthepictures.3.Youmustturnoffthelights.4.TheyshouldlearnEnglishwell.5.Jimcoulddoityesterday.Thebabycanbetakencareofbyhim.ThepicturemaybedrawnbyLucy.Thelightsmustbeturnedoffbyyou.Englishshouldbelearnedwellbythem.ItcouldbedonebyJimyesterday.5:Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow．Theroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkersnow.现在进行时：S+am/is/are+being+过去分词Theyareholdingasportsmeetingnow.Asportsmeetingisbeingheld(bythem)now.6:Wehavemadetwentymorekeys．Twentymorekeyshavebeenmadebyus.现在完成时：S+have/has+been+过去分词Workershavebuiltthehousesincetwoyearsago.Thehousehasbeenbuiltsincetwoyearsago.Wehadreceivedmanylettersbytheendoflastweek.Manylettershadbeenreceivedbytheendoflastweek.过去完成时：S+had+been+过去分词主动语态和被动语态结构对照表时态主动语态被动语态1一般现在时do/doesam/is/are+过去分词2一般过去时didwas/were+过去分词3一般将来时shall/will+动词原形shall/will+be+过去分词4过去将来时would+动词原形would+be+过去分词5现在进行时am/is/are+v-ingam/is/are+being+过去分词6过去进行时was/were+v-ingwas/were+being+过去分词7现在完成时have/has+过去分词have/has+been+过去分词8过去完成时had+过去分词had+been+过去分词9含情态动词情态动词+动词原形情态动词+be+过去分词1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives____________forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_____________twiceamonth.areusedarecleaned(变被动语态）3.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor.________________________onthefloor.4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.She_____________toreturnthebookintime.Theticketwasfoundwastold5.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?___________________________atthistimelasttime?6.Mustwefinishourworktoday?_______ourwork_____________today?WeremanytreesplantedMustbefinished1.可接双宾语的动词带有双宾语的主动句，变被动句时，一般把“人”提前做主语；将“物”提前则要在“人”的前面加to或for.Eg:Igavehimabookyesterday.---Hewasgivenabook(byme)yesterday.---Abookwasgiventohim(byme)yesterday.Mymotherboughtmeanewbike.=Iwasboughtanewbikebymymother.=Anewbikewasboughtformebymymother.被动语态应注意的问题Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps.1)____________________somewonderfulstamps.2)Somewonderfulstamps_____________________________.weweregivenweregiventous2、接动词原形做宾补的动词变被动语态使役动词(let,have,make等)或感官动词(see,hear,watch,等)在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式省to，改为被动语态时一定要补上to。(记忆口诀：“使感动词”真奇怪，to在句中像妖怪，主动语态to走开，被动语态to回来。”)•①Iheardhimsinginthenextroom.•---Hesinginthenextroom.•②Theymadeusdoallkindsofwork.•---Wedoallkindsofwork..注：当使用see/hear/watchsbdoingsth时，变为被动语态时，doing不变。如：Isawhimgoingintotheshop.(主动)Hewasseengoingintotheshop.washeardtoweremadeto(被动)3:汉语中含有“据说”、“据报道”、“有人说”、“大家说”等常见的主语从句句型。It’ssaid/reported/believed/that…据说/报道/认为…It’ssuggestedthat…有人建议…It’swellknownthat…众所周知…It’shopedthat…人们希望…。eg:ItwasreportedthatitrainedheavilyinthesouthofChina.Itwassaidthathewouldcomebacksoon.4、没有被动语态的动词和词组1.不及物动词如happen，takeplace，appearbelongto;breakout，cometrue等无被动语态Atrafficaccident__________(happen)j