定语从句关系代词讲解

定语从句TheAttributiveClause先来看几个相关术语1.定语2.定语从句3.先行词4.关系词1.定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。acleverboyTheboilingwaterFallenleavesThemanwhoyouarelookingfor2.定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句。DoyouknowthemanwhocametoseeXiaoYangthismorning?Whatisthefunctionoftheunderlinedpart?Tomisahandsomeboy.Thelittleboyneedsabluepen.Theboyintheclassroomneedsapen.ThepenboughtbyherismadeinChina.Themanstandingthereismyteacher.Theboywhoisreadingneedsthepenwhichyouboughtyesterday.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。定语从句：一个句子充当定语3.先行词：4.关系词：关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose,as关系副词where,when,why等。关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词；引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。Theboywhoisreadingneedsthepen.先行词关系词定语从句先行词：被修饰限定的词关系词：引导定语从句的词定语从句：一个句子充当定语Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.Nothingintheworldisdifficultforonewhosetshismindtoit.自助者天助。谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。世上无难事，只怕有心人。GuessthemeaningofthefollowingproverbsAllthatglitters(闪光)isnotgold.HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.闪闪发光的不一定是金子.不到长城非好汉.Somesentenceswithattributiveclauseinthetext1.Then,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquake___________________________shookTangshan.2.Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthose___________andtoburythedead.whichwasalmostasstrongasthefirstonewhoweretrappedButthepeopleinthecity,_____________________________wenttosleepasusualthatnight.ItwasheardinBeijing,_____________________________________whothoughtlittleoftheseevents,whichismorethan200kilometersaway.Ahugecrack_________________________________________________cutacrosshouses,roadsandcanals.Thenumberofpeople______________________reachedmorethan400,000.thatwaseightkilometerslongandthirtymeterswidewhowerekilledorinjuredDescriptionHeisaChinese.HeplaysanimportantpartinNBA.HewasborninShanghai.Shanghaiisaninternationalcity.Heisagoodman.Peoplealllikehim.Peopleareproudofhim.Heisafamousbasketballplayer.HiswifeisYeLi.Helovesbasketball.Heplaysbasketballverywell.HeisaChinese.HeplaysanimportantpartinNBA.HeisaChinesewho/thatplaysanimportantpartinNBA.变为定语从句HewasborninShanghai.Shanghaiisaninternationalcity.HewasborninShanghaiwhich/thatisaninternationalcity.关系词在从句中所作的成分先行词的类别关系词的选择主语人物who/thatwhich/thatThosewhoareagainsttheplanputupyourhands.Themanwhoisnexttoussellsvegetable.Tomisoneofthestudentswhopraisedbytheteacheryesterday.Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswhopraisedbytheteacheryesterday.关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。werewasHeisagoodman.Peoplealllikehim.Peopleareproudofhim.Heisagoodmanwhom/thatpeopleareproudof.Heisagoodmanwhom/thatpeoplealllike.Heisagoodmanofwhompeopleareproud.Or:Helovesbasketball.Heplaysbasketballverywell.Helovesbasketballwhich/thatheplaysverywell.关系词在从句中所作的成分先行词的类别关系词的选择宾语人物whom/that/who/省略which/that/省略Heisafamousbasketballplayer.HiswifeisYeLi.HeisafamousbasketballplayerwhosewifeisYeLi.Hehasawife.HernameisYeLi.HehasawifewhosenameisYeLi.Theroomismine.Theroom’swindowfacessouthTheroomwhosewindowfacessouthismine.关系词在从句中所作的成分先行词的类别关系词的选择定语人物whosewhose关系代词的用法关系代词在从句中可以：指人指物subject(主语)object(宾语)attribute（定语）whomwhowhichthatwhose√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√何时可以省略？做宾语时可以省略从括号中选择正确的关系代词完成句子1.Theseason____followsspringissummer.(that/who/不填)2.ThisisthemuseumwevisitedlastSaturday.(that/whom/不填)3.TheboyJohnisspeakingwithismybrother.(which/whom/不填)4.Thebuilding____wallsarewhiteismyuncle'shouse.(which/whose/不填)练习巩固thatthat/不填whom/不填whose5.Willyoupleaselendmethebook____youboughtyesterday?(which/that/whose)6.Thegirl____legwasbrokenintheearthquakewastakentohospital.(who/whom/whose)7.Thestudent____theteacherpraiseattheclassmeetingisourmonitor.(which/whom/whose)8.Ifoundsomephotosoftouristsites____werenotfarawayfromourcity.(which/that/不填)which/thatwhosewhomwhich/that看图填句Letmetry!Letmetry!Theman_________________isLiuxiang.whoranfastestLiuxiangistheman________________.whoranfastestaboy，hasascar，foreheadHarryPorterisaboy_________________________________.who/thathasascaronhisforeheadxinjiisacity________________________.Xinjiacitydevelopfastwhich/thatdevelopsfast基础练习1.Isthatthehouse____youboughtlastyear?A.whereB.which2.Isthatthepicture___youarelaughingat?A.whichB.where3.Itisthemostinterestingbook___I’lleverread.A.whichB.thatBBA4.Thestreet______istotheparkisverynarrow.A.whereB.which5.Theperson___findsmywatchwillgetareward.A.whoB.when6.Thisistheroom__welistenedtothelecture.A.whichB.whereBAB7.Theboy___motherisillcannotcometotheparty.A.whoB.whose8.Tellmethereason___youarelate.A.whichB.whyBB翻译1.他指给我看他丢钱包的地方。2.我不认识那个和你说话的女孩。3.她是一个叫玛丽的女孩。Heshowedmetheplacewherehelosthiswallet.Idon’tknowthegirlwhom/thatyouspeakto.SheisagirlwhoiscalledMary.4.那些正在打网球的男孩是我的朋友。Thoseboyswhoareplayingtennisaremyfriends.关系代词that和which在很多情况下可以互换，但哪些情况只能用that?考点一只用that，不用which1.all,little,much,few,none,everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代词作先行词或者先行词被其所修饰时；Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.2.序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时；ThisisthebestTVthatismadeinChina.3.先行词前有theonly,thevery,thesame,theright等修饰时；4.先行词既有人也有物5.主句以which,who,what开头的疑问句.Whothatyouhaveeverseencandoitbetter?有哪些情况关系代词不用that，而用which，who，whom?考点二只用which，不用that有机器的房间是车间。Theroom_____