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并列句(compoundsentence)复合句(complexsentence)简单句(simplesentence)英语句子的种类简单句的五种基本句型1.Theweatherisverycold.主语+谓语（系动词）+表语2.Helaughed.主语+谓语（vi.）3.IlikeChinesefood.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语4.Shetaughtthemphysics.主语+谓语(vt.)+间接宾语+直接宾语5.Wemustkeeptheroomwarm.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语+宾语补足语并列句把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来。IturnedontheTV.MysisterandIwatchedit.IturnedontheTVandmysisterandIwatchedit.Iboughtmysisterapresent.Shedidn’tlikeit.Iboughtmysisterapresent,butshedidn’tlikeit.并列句并列句平行并列连词：转折并列连词：因果并列连词：选择并列连词：and,both…and,notonly…butalso,neither…norbut,however,while,yetor,either…orfor,so常用并列连词复合句:主句+从句名词性从句定语从句状语从句■主语从句■表语从句■宾语从句■同位语从句NounClauses名词性从句名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。主语{Hisjobisimportant.Whathedoesisimportant.表语Thisishisjob.Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.{宾语Idon’tlikehisjob.Idon’tlikewhathedoeseveryday.同位语Idon’tknowabouttheman,Mr.White.Idon’tknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher.宾语从句表语从句宾语从句主语从句同位语从句Practicetime：指出下列各名词性从句的种类。1.Shewonderedifthebuseswouldstillberunning.2.Thetruthisthatthefogistoothickforthebustorunthatfar.3.Shesensedthatshewasbeingwatchedbyatallmaninadarkcoat.4.Whenwewillstartisnotclear.5.Ihadnoideathatyouwereherfriend.ObjectClauses宾语从句1.Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.主语谓语宾语（简单句）主语谓语宾语从句连词从句主语从句谓语主句（复合句）句子作宾语就是宾语从句，跟在及物动词或介词后。句子结构：主句+连词（引导词）+宾语从句一、宾从类型1.vt+宾从Ithinkthatyouareright.2.Vi+介词+宾从Oursuccessdependsonhowcloselywecooperate.3.vt+间接宾语+宾从Heinformsmewhentoleave.同类型4.Vt+宾从+宾补Hehasmadethathewon’tagreetotheplanclear.可用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句后置。Hehasmakeitclearthathewon’tagreetotheplan.5.Be+adj.+宾从IamafraidthatIhavemadeamistake.Wearepleasantthatwehaveagainovercomedifficulties.在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句。I’msorry(that)Idon’tknow.We’resure(that)ourteamwillwin.I’mafraid(that)hewon’tpasstheexam.二、连词（引导词）1.连词that,if/whether2.连接代词what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which,whichever等.3.连接副词when,where,why,how等.1.连词that，一般引导陈述句，that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。LinTaofeels(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.Shesays(that)shewon’ttakepartinthesportsmeetingnextSunday.Jimthought(that)thetrainwaslikeabigmovingparty.宾语从句中的连接词that在以下情况下不能省略：（1）当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；Everyoneknew(that)thistestisimportantandthatshewasworried.（2）当that从句作介词宾语时，that不可省掉；Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.（3）用it作形式宾语的宾语从句中that不能省掉；IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.（4）当that从句与谓语分离时，that不能省；IrealizeatoncethatImusthavedonesomethingwrong.(5)短语exceptthat（除了）中的thatIknownothingaboutherexceptthatsheisfromFlorida.2.If/whether在从句中不做成分，有意义“是否””，不能省略。一般引导是一般疑问句的宾语从句。Lilywantedtoknowif/whetherhergrandmalikedthehandbag.Let’sseeif/whetherwecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.Sheaskedmeif/whethershecouldborrowthesebooks.whether和if都可以引导宾语从句a.当有or/ornot/todo时就用whether,不用if。Idon’tknowwhetherornotIwillstay.b.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if。IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.注意whether和if的使用区别（whether使用范围更广）:Choose“if/whether”1.Iaskedher____________shehadabike.2.We’reworriedabout_________heissafe.3.Idon’tknow_________heiswellornot.4.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.5.Idon’tknow__________Ishouldgo.if/whetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether/if_______togo.whether3.当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由疑问词（what,who,whom,which,whose,(连接代词)when,where,how,why（连接副词）等）引导，因为疑问词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略。Doyouknowwhathesaidjustnow?Idon’trememberwhenwearrived.IaskedhimwhereIcouldgetsomuchmoney.Pleasetellmewho/whomwehavetosee.Doyouknowwhattimetheplaneleaves?三、注意考点1.时态（1）如果主句是现在的时态（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）。Iknowheliveshere.Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.（2）如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）Iknewwholivedhere.Isawshewastalkingwithhermother.Heaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow.Hesaidthathehadseenit.（3）从句是客观真理、定义、公理、定理等时用一般现在时。Theteachersaidthattheearthtravelsaroundthesun.2.语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分。Idon’tknowwhatisthematter/thetrouble/wrongwithhim.1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.2.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?Idon’tknowwhathewantstobuy.Idon’tknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy.【即学即练】3.否定转移（1）如果主句主语是第一人称（包括I，we），与动词think,expect,believe,guess,suppose等连用，后接宾语从句时，通常将从句的否定转移到主句谓语动词，形成否定前移。Idon’tsupposeJackisusedtothisdiet.N：如果主句主语是第二人称呢？YousupposeJackisn’tusedtothisdiet.N:反意疑问句？Idon’tsupposeJackisusedtothisdiet,ishe?4.形式宾语it什么情况下会用到形式宾语it（1）在句型Vt+宾从+宾补中，可用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句后置。Wefoundthatnoonewouldtakethemoneystrange.Wefounditstrangethatnoonewouldtakethemoney.（2）有些词，后习惯一个形式宾语it，再接宾语从句第一类：表示喜好、憎恶等词：hate,love,like,appreciate,enjoy等。Ihateitwhenmycomputercrashes.Shereallyenjoyitthatherfriendstreatherfriendly.第二类：relyon,dependon,seeto,oweWouldyouseetoitthatthevillagershavecleandrinkingwater?Youmayrelyonitthathecomesontime..5.虚拟语气一些含有假设、猜想、建议等意思的动词后面的宾语从句要用“（should）+do”结构,should可以省略。这类动词有:advise,arrange,command,demand,desire,insist,order,propose,require,request,suggest等。如：Isuggestedthathe(should)studyharder.1.Theyoungmanasked_____it'ssummerorwinter.A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whether2.Wedon'tknow______theydidit.A.howB.w