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——AppositiveClause（同位语从句）•nounclauses名词性从句subjectiveclause主语从句objectiveclause宾语从句predicativeclause表语从句appositiveclause同位语从句1.名词性从句的引导词that,whether,if,asifwhat,which,who,whom,whatever,whichever,whoever,whosewhen,where,why,how连词：连接代词：连接副词：2.如何判断从句？宾语从句：位于及物动词或介词之后表语从句：位于连系动词之后主语从句：位于句首/句末，即在谓语动词之前Thathewillsucceediscertain.Itiscertainthathewillsucceed.规律一：主语从句一律用_____语序，即_____在前，______在后。陈述主语谓语规律二：主语从句做主语，主句的谓语动词多用_______。what引导的主语从句，可根据_______决定主句动词的单复数形式单数表语that在引出主语从句时没有意义，不充当句子成分，___（能/不能）省略。规律三:不能规律四：whether/if表“是否”，“if”不能放在______引导主语从句，句首只能用____________。句首whether1.Theirfriend,DannyLin,waswaitingattheairport.HewasgoingtotakethemandtheirbaggagetocatchtheTrueNorth,thecross-Canadatrain2.SomepeoplehavetheideathatyoucancrossCanadainlessthanfivedays,buttheyforgetthefactthatCanadais5,500kilometersfromcoasttocoast.SomepeoplehavetheideathatyoucancrossCanadainlessthanfivedaysthat名词引导词从句总结：同位语从句结构____________+______________+________________名词引导词从句1.Ihavenoideawhyyouaresotiredeveryday.2.Thefactthatwedon’tgetenoughsleepisabsolutelytrue.3.Ihavebeenthinkingaboutthequestionwhetherweshouldbegivenmorefreetime.4.Weallknowthetruththatnothingismoreimportantthanhealth.ideaThefactthequestionthetruth同位语从句的作用:?进一步解释、说明前面名词的具体内容。Activity1Readandfind同位语从句其前的名词通常为______名词,如：______,______,hope,wish,________,order,________,________,belief,truth,theory,decision,conclusion,promise,_________,_________,plan,_________。Summary(1):抽象factnewsopinionquestionproblemthoughtsuggestionidea连接词that引导的同位语从句that在从句中不充当成分,只起连接作用.Hetoldmethenewsthathewouldcomehomefromaboardsoon.他告诉我一个消息,他马上要从国外回国.只用whether引导,不用if.这个问题是否正确还未被证实.Theproblem________itistruehasn’tbeenconfirmed.连接词whether引导的同位语从句whether连接词代词what/which/who引导的同位语从句1.谁会出国这个问题还未决定.2.我不知道该选哪个.1.Thequestion_____shouldgoabroadhasn’tbeendecidedyet.2.Ihavenoidea______tochoose.whichwho在从句中充当成分连接词副词when/where/why/how引导的同位语从句1.我了解他们为什么离开得那么早.2.我们还没决定好去哪儿.1.I’vegotagoodidea_____theyleftearly.2.Thequestion_______weshouldgohasnotbeendecided.whywhereSummary(2):同位语从句在复合句中用作的从句叫同位语从句，它是________从句之一。引导同位语从句的连接词有：从属连词,；连接代词,________,______,等，连接副词,,,_____等。同位语名词性thatwhetherwhichwhowhenwherewhyhowwhomwhatActivity2Choosetheproperintroductivewords1.Thequestion________shoulddotheworkisbeingdiscussedatthemeeting.2.Ihavenoidea_____thedrivermadephonecallwhendriving.3.Thefact_____twopupilswerekilledcan’tbeacceptedbytheirparents.4.Theproblem________weshouldhavethemeetinginthehallnowmustbedecidedatonce.5.Ihavesomedoubt_______heissuitableforthejob.6.Thereisnodoubt_______heissuitableforthejob.whowhythatwhetherwhenthatdoubt(怀疑)肯定形式后同位语从句用whether引导；nodoubt(不怀疑)即否定形式之后的同位语从句用that引导。注意1:1.Ihavesomedoubt______shecanpersuadeherhusbandtogiveupsmoking.1.Thereisnodoubt______wewillwinthegamewhetherthat同位语从句有时被别的词或短语把它和名词隔开：（谓语较短，同位语从句较长）注意2:1:ThestorygoesthatWilliamTellkilledthekingwithanarrow.2:Wordcamethattheirteamhadwon.（word：n消息）分隔式同位语从句若被同位语从句说明的名词是：advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,requirement,order等表示建议、命令、要求的词时，同位语从句的谓语用(should)+do1).Imadethesuggestionthatthemeeting____________________(bring)toanend.(should)bebrought2).Theorderthatwe____________(send)afewpeopletohelpthemwasreceivedyesterday.3).Theorderthatwe__________(receive)yesterdaywasthatwe___________(send)afewpeopletohelpthem.(should)sendreceived(should)send注意3:同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处（1）同位语从句用来进一步________前面名词的内容;定语从句用来__________前面的名词。Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging.（同位语从句说明“消息”的内容：______________）Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreallyencouraging.（定语从句对“消息”加以限定：是_______________，而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）Summary(3):解释说明修饰限定我们队取得了决赛胜利你告诉我的Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging.Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreallyencouraging.Summary(3):同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处（2）在从句中充当成分吗？在从句中充当成分吗？that同位语从句定语从句不作成分，无意义，不能省指代先行词，作成分，作宾语可省1、从连接词的功能1)Thesuggestion(that/which)shegaveisquitegood.（that指代suggestion，又在从句中充当宾语，可省略）2)Thesuggestionthatyoushouldstayintheroomisquitegood.（that不充当任何成分）2、从语气上辨别表示要求，建议，命令等词后的同位语要用(should)+do的虚拟形式，而定语从句没有这一条。3.Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.4.Thesuggestionthattheyareconsideringisthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpractical.同位语从句定语从句3.在名词和从句之间加be,使之构成一个新句子，如果合乎逻辑，句子通顺，则是同位语从句，定语从句是不能用系表结构把先行词与从句连接起来的。Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegamewastrue.Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaywastrue.Thenewsisthatourteamhaswonthegame.Thenewsisthathetoldmeyesterday.(句子通顺，是同位语从句）（句子不通顺，是定语从句）判断下列从句是定语从句还是同位语从句：Thenewsthatyou'veheardisn'ttrue.Thenewsthatwe'llgoonapicnicthisSundayisn'ttrue.定语从句同位语从句Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpressed.WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.()定语从句同位语从句1.Ihaveahopethatallofyouwillgotocollege.2.Ihatethefactthathetoldme.3.Ihatethefactthathealwaystellslies4.Titanicistheshipthatsankintotheocean.5.Hemadeanexcusethathiscarbrokedownontheway.同位语从句定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句Activity3判断以下是什么从句1.Itissaidthatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities;thisistheinformation____hasbeenputforward.A.whatB.thatC.whenD.as2.Sheheardaterriblenoise,____broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that3.Ican'tstandtheterr