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Grammar同位语从句复习---ByCable同位语是句子成分的一种,它位于名词、代词后面,说明它们的性质和情况,它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。同位语theAppositive语法精解(一)同位语的表现形式有以下几种：(1)名词Tom,ourmonitor,isahandsomeboy.(2)代词Imyselfwilldotheexperiment.(3)数词Sheistheoldestamongthemsix.(4)从句Hetoldmethenewsthattheplanehadexploded.他告诉我飞机爆炸的消息。(5)由suchas,thatis引导Somesubjects,suchasmathsandphysics,areverydifficulttolearn.某些学科,例如数学和物理,是很难学的。(6)由or引导Thefreezingtemperature,orfreezingpoint,isthetemperatureatwhichwaterfreezesunderordinarypressure.结冰温度即冰点,是水在常压下结冰时的温度。同位语从句theAppositiveclause(1)同位语从句的定义在复合句中跟在一个名词或代词后，对其做进一步解释说明的从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种，在句中充当同位语语法精解(二)它一般放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,belief,thought,doubt,promise,question，suggestion等名词的后面,对前面的名词作进一步的解释,说明前面名词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的引导词有连词that,连接副词how,when,where,whether,what等。e.g.Thehopethathemayrecoverisnotgoneyet.Theproblemwhetherweshouldcontinuetodotheexperimenthasbeensolved.Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomeback.1.同位语从句有时被别的词或短语把它和名词隔开：注意:-ThestorygoesthatWilliamTellkilledthekingwithanarrow.-Wordcamethattheirteamhadwon.2.同位语从句中使用虚拟语气的情况注意:在suggestion,advice,request,order,demand,requirement等意为“建议，要求，命令”的n./v.后，同位语从句的谓语v.通常用虚拟语气结构“should+v原形”，其中should可省略。---Ourteachergaveussomesuggestionhowwe(should)usethecomputer.---Themanagerorderedhimthathe(should)finishtheworkinaday.⑵同位语从句的表现形式:①由that引导-Thefactthatyouhaven’tenoughtimetodotheworkissimplyunbelievable.-Thehopethathemaycomehereisnotgoneyet.-ThenewsthathehasbeenelectedpresidentoftheUnitedStatesistrue.-Thetruththatheavyobjectsandlightobjectsfallatthesamespeedisknowntoall.-Theproblemthatshelaterdevelopedaseriouslungdiseasebotheredscientists.②由whether引导---Thequestionwhetherweneedmoretimetodotheworkhasnotbeendiscussed.③由when引导---Ihavenoideawhentheywillgo.④其它特殊形式有时可用namely(即),thatistosay(也就是说),inotherwords(换句话说),thatis(那就是),forexample等引出同位语,说明其前面的名词或代词。有时同位语直接跟在名词或代词的后面。---Hetoldusthegoodnews,namely,themuseumisopentoall.---ThereisonlyonewayofimprovingyourEnglish,thatis,topracticemore.---AltogetherDollyhadlivedforsixyears,halfthelengthofthelifeoftheoriginalsheep.（3）同位语从句与定语从句的区别:同位语从句与定语从句在使用中常常混淆,我们可以从以下几个方面区别它们:①同位语从句说明的名词大都是抽象名词,对其起到解释说明具体内容的作用，与其前面的名词是同位关系;定语从句所修饰、限定的名词或代词有抽象的也有不抽象的，对其起修饰限定的作用，与其前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系。---WeexpressthehopethattheywillcometovisitChinaagain.(同位语从句)---Thosewhowanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.(定语从句)②引导同位语从句的that在句中不充当任何成分但不能省略；引导定语从句的that在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语，可以省略。---Thenewsthathehasbeenelectedmonitorofourclassistrue.---Thenews(that)hetoldmeisexciting.③when,where,why既可以引导定语从句也可以引导同位语从句。共同之处是两种从句在复合句中都充当状语。不同点：when,where,why引导定语从句时，前面有与其意义相近的先行词；当引导同位语从句时，前面先行词含义与之并不相同。---Thenheraisedthequestionwheretheyweretogetthemachineneeded.---Doyouknowtheplacewherehewasborn?---I’llneverforgetthedaywhenwemetforthefirsttime.(定从)---Ihavenoideawhenwemetforthefirsttime.（同从）④what不能引导定语从句，但可引导同位语从句并在其中可以充当成分，如：---Ihavenoideawhatweshouldgivethem.⑤同位语从句与先行词一般可变成一个完整句子,谓语动词用be的不同形式。Heheardthenewsthattheirteamhadwon.此句可以变为一个表语从句:----Thenewswasthattheirteamhadwon.练习1.TwofifthsofallgirlsinAmericaareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.---ThefactthattwofifthsofallgirlsinAmericaareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.1.把下面两个句子连成一个含同位语从句的复合句。2.TheQueenofEnglandwasonafour-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight.---WeheardthenewslastnightthattheQueenofEnglandwasonafour-dayvisitinchina.3.Teenagersshouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeonline./ManyChineseparentsholdtheview.---ManyChineseparentsholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeonline.4.Timetravelispossible./Wehavenoscientificprooffortheidea.---Wehavenoscientificprooffortheideathattimetravelispossible.5.Studentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime./Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople.---Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople.1.Wedon’tthinkyoutwohavemetbefore.2.翻译句子,并说明这个名词性从句的作用。我们想你们两位以前没有见过面。(宾语从句)1.Wedon’tthink(that)youtwohavemetbefore.2.ItiscertainthatJohnwilldowellinhisexam.约翰肯定会考好。(主语从句)3.Whethertheyarecomingornotdon’tmattertoomuch.他们来不来无关紧要。(主语从句)4.Nowiswhenweneedhimmost.现在是我们最需要他的时候。(表语从句)5.Ihavenoideahowshegotthroughtheforest.我不知道她是如何穿过那个森林的。(同位语从句)6.Thefactthattheywontheprizemadeushappy.他们获奖的事实令我们高兴。(同位语从句)3.用适当的连接代词或连接副词填空。1.Ican’tdecide_____bookIshouldbuy.2.Chinaisnolonger____itusedtobe.3.Iamveryinterestedin____heimprovedhisEnglishinsuchashorttime.4._____weneedismoremoney.5.Thetruth_____theearthturnsaroundthesunisknowntous.whichwhathowWhatthat1.Oneofthemheldtheview__thebooksaidwasright.A.whatthatB.thatwhatC.thatD.whether4.单项选择2.Thereason___hehastogois___hismotherisillinbed.A,why;whyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;because3.Theyreceivedorders___theworkbedonerightaway.A.whichB.thatC./D.when4.Youcantaketheseat____isfree.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.inwhich5.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome____Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where6.He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation__hewaslikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.why7.That’stheonlything___hecandonowA.whichB.allC.thatD.what8.Informationhasbeenputforward___moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.while