人教版英语八年级下unit2讲解与练习

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Unit2I’llhelptocleanupthecityparks.SectionA1.Youshouldhelptocleanupthecityparks.Cleanup意为“彻底打扫;清除”,是“动词+副词”结构的短语动词,后面跟名词作宾格时,名词放在up前后均可,后面跟代词作宾格时,代词应当放在up前面。e.g.Heoftenhelpsparentscleanuptheroomsonweekends.2.Thegirlcouldvisitthesickkidsinthehospitaltocheerthemup.Cheerup意为“变得更高兴,振奋起来”,是“动词+副词”结构的短语,cheerup既可以作及物动词短语,也可以作不及物动词短语e.g.HecheeredupatoncewhenIagreedtohelphim.Cheerup!Thenewsisn’ttoobad.Hetookhertothecinematocheerherup.【拓展】1)cheer作不及物动词,意为“欢呼;喝彩”e.g.Thegirlscheeredasthefamoussingerarrived.2)cheer作及物动词,意为“为···欢呼,高呼”e.g.Thewholevillageturnedouttocheerthehero3)cheer作可数名词,意为“欢呼声,喝彩声”e.g.Wecanhearthecheersofstudentsoutsidethegym.4)cheeron意为“为···加油”e.g.Wewillhaveabasketballgamethisafternoon.Wouldyouliketocomeandcheeruson?【现学现练】Hefailedinthemathtestandlookssad.Let’s_______A.puthimupB.sethimupC.cheerhimupD.cleanhimup3.Theboycouldgiveoutfoodatthefoodbank.Giveout意为“散发,分发”,相当于“handout”,是“动词+副词”的短语动词e.g.Canyougiveoutthedrinksout,please?【拓展】Giveout的不同含义:1)giveout表示“发出(光、热、声音、气味等)e.g.Thesungivesoutlightandheattotheearth.2)giveout表示“用完,耗尽”e.g.Ourfoodsuppliesbegantogiveout.4.Thegirlcouldvolunteerinanafter-schoolstudyprogramtoteachkids.Volunteer动词,意为“志愿做,义务做”,后可跟名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语e.g.Jennyvolunteeredtocleanuptheroomafterparty.【拓展】Volunteer作可数名词,意为“志愿者”e.g.CanIhaveavolunteertocollecttheglasses?5.Wecan’tputoffmakingaplanPutoff意为“推迟”,是“动词+副词”的短语动词,其后可跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语e.g.Theyputoffthematchbecauseoftheheavyrain.Pleasedon’tputoffdoingyourhomework.Neverputofftilltomorrowwhatyoucandotoday.【拓展】由put构成的常见短语有:Putaway将···收起来puton穿上;上演putdown放下;记下Putout熄灭;伸出putback放回原处putup张贴;搭建6.Let’smakesomenotices,tooNotice此处作可数名词,意为“公告牌;通告;布告”e.g.Thereisanoticeonthewall,saying“NoParking”I’llputupanoticeaboutthemeeting.【拓展】1)notice作不可数名词,意为“注意”e.g.Takenoticeofwhattheysay.2)notice作动词,意为“注意到,留心,看到”e.g.DidyounoticeJackcomein?7.TheytoldmestoriesaboutthepastandhowthingsusedtobeUsedto意为“过去···,曾经···”,后跟动词原形,表示“过去常常做某事”,指表示过去和现在的对比,暗指现在已经不存在的动作或状态e.g.Heusedtoworkinthehospital.Hedidn’tusetowalkaftersupper.【拓展】1)beusedtodosth.意为“被用于做某事”,不定式表目的e.g.Thebookisusedtoteachushowtowrite.2)beusedfor+n./v.ing表示“被用于···”e.g.Astampisusedforsendingletters.3)get/beusedtodoingsth.e.g.Heisusedtoeatingoutallthetime.8.Yeah,alotofoldpeoplearelonely.Lonely是形容词,充当表语,指“孤独的”,用于人时,表示一种心理状态,突出内心孤独寂寞的感觉,侧重缺少同伴友谊而感到孤独、寂寞。含忧郁之意。e.g.Hefeltverylonelywithouthisfriends.9.···giveupseveralhourseachweektohelpothers.Several作形容词,意为“几个,数个”,修饰可数名词复数e.g.Severaldayslater,Grandmacametothelibrarytoborrowsomebooks.【拓展】Several作代词,意为“几个,数个”e.g.Excuseme,haveyougotanybooksaboutsports?---Yes,we’vegotseveral.Severalofuswentthere.10.IgetsuchastrongfeelingofsatisfactionwhenIseetheanimalgetbetterandthelookofjoyontheirowner’sfaces.1)Feeling在此用作可数名词,意为“感觉;感触”e.g.I’vegotabadfeeling.Itwasagreatfeelingwhenawildanimalshowsyouaffection.Feel还可用作连系动词,意为“觉得,感觉到”e.g.Ifeltverytiredafterrunning.2)satisfaction为不可数名词,意为“满意,满足”,其反义词是dissatisfaction.e.g.Shesmiledinsatisfaction.【拓展】Satisfaction(名词,满意)----satisfy(动词,使满意)----satisfied(形容词,满意的)1)besatisfiedtodosth.意为“对做某事感到满意”e.g.Hewassatisfiedtowinthematch.2)besatisfiedwith意为“对···感到满意”e.g.Shewasnotsatisfiedwiththeresult.3)joy在此用作不可数名词,意为“高兴;愉快”e.g.Lifeisalwaysfullofjoy.Hejumpedupwithjoy.4)owner可数名词,意为“物主,主人”e.g.Heistheownerofthecar.【拓展】1)own形容词,意为“自己的”,一般用于形容词性物主代词或名词所有格之后以加强语气。e.g.Isawitwithmyowneyes.2)own及物动词,意为“有;拥有”,相当于have.e.g.Heownsabighouse.3)ofone’sown.意为“属于某人自己的”e.g.AtlastI’vegotabighouseofmyown.11.Thekidsaresittinginthelibrary,butyoucanseeintheireyesthatthey’regoingonadifferentjourneywitheachnewbook.Journey意为“旅行;行程”,可数名词,一般指长途旅行e.g.Lifeisalongjourneyfrombirthtodeath.12.Ourclassistryingtocomeupwithsomeideastocheerupsickchildrenbecausetheyareoftensad.Sick形容词,意为“生病的;有病的”,其反义词为well.e.g.Hissisterwassickwithacold.Sick作形容词时,还可表示“(想)呕吐的,恶心的”e.g.IalwaysfeelsickwhenItravelbyship.Thesmellmakeshimsick.【拓展】Sick与ill的辨析:Sick指“生病”时主要用于英式英语,可作定语也可作表语,表示“恶心;呕吐”时只用作表语e.g.Heisasickman.Hebegantofeelsickassoonastheshipstartedtomove.Ill指“生病”时,主要用于美式英语,只用作表语,一般不作定语e.g.Heisillandstaysinbed.13.Forexample,wecanmakeplanstovisitsickchildreninthehospitalorraisemoneyforhomelesspeople.Raise作及物动词,意为“筹集;征集”e.g.Theywanttoraiseenoughmoneyforbuildingaschool.【拓展】raise的其他用法:1)作及物动词,意为“举起,抬起”e.g.Pleaseraiseyourhands!2)作及物动词,意为“种植”e.g.Theirfamilyraisedalotofcorn.3)作及物动词,意为“饲养,供养”e.g.Shelikestoraiseadog.14.Iwanttotravelalone.Alone作副词,意为“单独地;独自地”e.g.Helikeslivingalone.1)alone作副词,用在名词或代词之后,意为“只有;仅仅”e.g.Healoneunderstandsme.2)alone作形容词,意为“独自的;单独的”e.g.Shewasaloneinthedarkroom.【拓展】Alone与lonely辨析Alone表示“单独的;肚子的”,指一个人或事物与其他的人或事物分开,不含感情色彩。e.g.HeisaloneintheclassroomLonely表示“孤独的,寂寞的”,指人时含有浓重的感情色彩,即因缺少朋友、同情、亲情而产生的一种孤独、悲伤和忧郁的感情。e.g.Shehasfewfriendshereandfeelslonely.SectionB1.I’verunoutofit.Runoutof是“动词+副词+介词”的短语,of后接宾语,主语通常是表示“人”的名词,也可用于某种能消耗物品的机器等,意为“···用完了···”e.g.I’verunoutofpaper.【拓展】1)runoutof可表示“从···跑出来”的意思e.g.Thedogrunoutoftheroom.2)runout是“动词+副词”结构的不及物动词短语,意为“用完,用尽”,主语通常是表示“时间、金钱”等无生命的东西。e.g.Allthemoneyranoutbyme.3)sth.runout表示“某物用尽了,用完了”e.g.Ourfoodwillsoonrunout.2.Itakeaftermymother.Takeafter意为“像;与···相像”,指由于血缘关系而在外貌、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