现在完成时和一般过去时

现在完成时与一般过去时的比较thepresentperfecttense&thesimplepasttense概念:一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作，和现在无关。e.g.Hecamehereyesterday.现在完成时表示过去的动作（或状态）对现在产生的影响和结果e.g.Hehasreadthebook.一般过去时和现在完成时的区别：1）构成不同TomwenttoLondonlastyear.LilyhasbeeninBeijingfortwoyears.一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，现在完成时的谓语用“助动词have/has+过去分词”一般过去时和现在完成时的区别：过去式与过去分词（规则变化）1.在动词原形后面加-edwork—worked2.以辅音字母y结尾的动词，把y变i再加edcarry—carriedstudy—studied3.以e结尾的动词，直接加-dlive—lived4.以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写此辅音字母后再加-edstop—stoppedplan--planned一般过去时和现在完成时的区别：现在完成时是表示过去的动作与现在的联系，主要说明的是现在的情况和状态；而一般过去时则强调动作发生在过去某一时间，与现在不发生联系.eg.①Wehaven’tseenhimsincelastyear.我们自从去年以来一直未见到他。（现在还未见到）②Wedidn’tseehimlastyear.我们去年没见到他。（现在不一定未见到）③Whohasopenedthedoor?谁把门开了？（现在门还开着）④Whoopenedthedoor?谁开的门？(指过去，与现在无关。现在门是关着还是开着，没有说明。)2）用法不同Ihadsupperanhourago．我一小时前吃的晚饭。（表示过去的动作）Ihavejusthadsupper．我刚刚吃过晚饭。（强调对现在的影响———我不饿）Hewasateacherthen．他那时是个教师。（表示过去的状态）Hehasbeenateachersincethen．他从那时起一直当教师。（他现在还是教师）一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday,once,lastweek,...ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow等具体的时间状语。现在完成时的时间状语：for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till,uptonow,always,inthelast(past)...,before等不确定的时间状语。一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，现在完成时常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。注意点1.动作发生在过去，一直持续到说话的时候，并且还在延续时，要用现在完成时。eg:WehavestudiedEnglishfortwoyears(我们学英语两年了）2.指过去的经历，但没有表示过去的时间状语，要用现在完成时。例如：eg:IhavebeentoShanghaitwice.我曾去过上海两次．3.以When开头的特殊疑问句，要用一般过去时。例如：eg:Whendidyouloseyourpen?你什么时候丢了钢笔？4.just(刚刚）与现在完成时连用，justnow(刚才）与一般过去时连用。例如：eg:Thetrainhasjustgone.火车刚刚离开。Thetrainleftherejustnow.火车是刚才离开。5.since作介词，后面跟时间名词一起作状语时，句子要用现在完成时；since作连词，引导状语从句时，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。eg:Hehasworkedinthisfactorysince1996.Ihaveknownhimsincehewasachild.Exercisesforthepresentperfecttense:1.IsTomdoinghishomework?No,he___________hishomeworkalready.(finish)8.DoyouknowMissKing?No,butI______________herbefore.(hearof)9.Whataboutthefilm?Sorry,Idon’tknow.I___________ityet.(see)10.________youever_________totheGreatWall?No,never.(go)11.Howdoeshegetonwithhisclassmate?Oh,he___________alotthesedays.(change)12.Helpyourself,please.No,thanks.I’mfull.I_____just_____threeeggs.(eat)alreadyhasfinishedbeforehavehearedofyethaven’tseeneverneverHavebeenthesedayshaschangedjusthaveeaten练习1.--IhaveseenthefilmTitanicalready.--When____you____it?A.have,seenB.willseeC.did,seeD.did,seen2.Mr.Black____inChinasincefiveyearsago.A.livedB.haslivedC.livesD.isgoingtolive3.---______UncleWang______(mend)theTVyet?---Yes,he______.---When_____he_____it?---Yesterday.4.---I________(see)thefilmChickenRun.---Whereandwhen________you_______(see)it?---Lastweek.5.---____you_____(see)thefilmlastnight?---No,I_____(see)itforseveraltimes.6.---_______you_______(return)thebooktothelibrary?---Notyet.ButI_________(return)itthisafternoon..7.IsTomdoinghishomework?No,he___________hishomeworkalready.(finish)8.DoyouknowMissKing?No,butI______________herbefore.(hearof)9.Whataboutthefilm?Sorry,Idon’tknow.I___________ityet.(see)10.________youever_________totheGreatWall?No,never.(go)11.Howdoeshegetonwithhisclassmate?Oh,he___________alotthesedays.(change)12.Helpyourself,please.No,thanks.I’mfull.I_____just_____threeeggs.(eat)练习Furtherexercises:1.Iambusytheseday.I_____(notgo)tothecinemaforweeks.2.Theboyishappybecausehe_____(sell)outallthenewspapers.3.They______(live)inShanghaisince1991.4.Greatchanges______(takeplace)inourcountrysince1949.5.MissJane_______(teach)uslastyear.She____(teach)inourschoolfor4years.6.She______already______(do)herhomework.She_______(do)ityesterdayevening.7.----_________youever______toLondon?----Yes,Ihave.----When_____you____(go)there?----Lastyear.8.Who_______(take)mydictionaryaway?Ican’tfinditeverywhere.9.It_______tenyearssinceI______(leave)china.10.Alotoftrees________(cut)downinthelast300hundredyears.Usethegivenwordstomakeadialogue,please!Shanghai,once,lastyearanoldman,help,yesterday,manytimesJointheLeague,lastmonth,foramonthThankyou!重读闭音节1.必须是重读音节2.最后只有一个辅音字母3.元音字母发短元音