高三英语总复习语法系列训练主谓一致的测试热点主谓一致是指句中的主语和谓语的致。我们一般遵从三个原则:1、语法一致的原则:语法一致的原则是指主语为单数或复数时,其谓语动词要与其相呼应。但我们要注意一些特殊情况;1)以alongwith,togetherwith,with,aswellas,accompaniedby,ratherthan,but,except连接的两个主语,其谓语的单复数以第一个主语为主。例如:Severalpassengers,togetherwiththedriver,werehurt.2)表示时间,重量,长度,价格等的复数名词,作主语从整体来看时,谓语动词用单数。例如:Fiftyyearsisnotalongtime.3)非谓语动词,从句或其他短语作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:Earlytobedandearlytoriseishealthful.4)如果主语是由and连接的两个单数名词,但前面有each,every,no等词修饰时,谓语用单数。例如:Everyboyandgirlinthisregionistaughttoreadandwrite.2、意义一致的原则:意义一致的原则指谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的概念,而不取决于表面的语法标志,主要表现为某些集体名词后可跟动词单数或复数。如果这些集体名词指整体概念时,谓语动词用单数;指具体成员时用复数。例如:Thepopulationoftheearthisincreasingveryfast.类似这样的集体名词有:family,class,audience,committee(委员会),crowd,crew,group,party,population,team,public,council(理事会),village等。3、就近原则:所谓就近原则是指谓语动词单复数取决于离它最近的词语,而无须考虑其他的词。1)以either…or,or,neither…nor和notonly…butalso连接的两个主语,其谓语的单复数形式应与离谓语最近的主语保持一致。例如:Eitheryouorhehastogotherewithme.2)由there或here引起的主语,而又不止是一个时,采取就近原则。例如:Hereisapen,afewenvelopesandsomepaperforyou.主谓一致的测试热点1.由manya或morethan+单数名词作主语时,其谓语用单数形式。ManyaforeignerhasbeentotheGreatWall.Morethanonestudenthasvisitedtheexhibition.2.“……的几分之几”和“……的百分之几”作主语时,其谓语用单数或复数取决于of后的名词。Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.40percentofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.3.“anumberof+名词复数”作主语,谓语用复数;“thenumberof+名词复数”作主语,谓语用单数。Anumberofpupilslikereadingpicture-books.Thenumberofthestudentsinourclassis55.4.并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数,这时and后面的名词前没有冠词。ThesecretaryofthePartybranchanddirectorofthatfactoryoftenworkswiththeworkers.5.成对的名词,如breadandbutter涂黄油的面包,sodaandwater汽水,coffeeandmilk加牛奶的咖啡,aimandend目的,saltandwater盐开水等,虽然有and连接,但仍表单一概念,作主语时,谓语用单数。Aknifeandforkisonthetable.6.由and连接的并列单数主语的前面分别有each,every或no修饰时,其谓语用单数形式。Nostudentandnoteacherisinvitedtotheparty.Inourcountryeveryboyandeverygirlhasrighttoreceiveeducation.7.主语是单数,其后跟有togetherwith,alongwith(与……一道),aswellas(和;也),nolessthan(和……一样),ratherthan(而不),以及with,not,like,but,except,besides,including等引起的短语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。HeaswellashissisterisaLeaguemember.8.在定语从句中主语是关系代词who,that,which,谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。I,whoamyourteacher,willteachyoueverythingIknow.9.主语是一些只有复数形式的名词,如clothes,trousers,glasses,compasses,scissors,shoes,socks,gloves等时,谓语用复数。但这类表示成双的东西的名词前有apairof修饰时,谓语用单数。Mytrousersarebeingwashednow.Thereisapairofshoesinthebox.10.表示度量、价格、时间的复数名词词组作主语时一般被看作一个整体,谓语用单数形式。Tendollarsisnotenough.Threemonthshaspassedsinceheleft.11.主语是以-ics结尾的学科名词以及news,works(工厂)等都属形式复数,而意义单数的名词,其谓语用单数形式。另外means一词单复数同形应视具体情况而定。Mathematicsseemstobedifficulttolearn.Anewmeansofteachingisbeingusedinthatschool.注:学科名词前如有物主代词修饰时,谓语常用复数。Mymathematicsareweek.12.主语是用作书名、剧名、报纸名、国名等的复数名词,谓语一般用单数形式。TheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountry.13.主语是family,team,group,crowd,class,committee等集合名词时,如果作为一个整体看待,谓语用单数形式,如指的是全体人员时,谓语用复数。Hisfamilyareallmusiclovers.14.“oneof+复数名词+定语从句”之前有theonly,thevery,the等限定词和修饰语时,定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。Sheistheonlyoneofthesewomenwhoplaystheviolin.15.主语是疑问代词who,what,which,不定代词all,more,most,any,none等以及名词half,part,therest等既可表示复数意义又可表示单数意义,其谓语视情况而定。HalfofthevisitorsarefromEurope.Halfofthefruitisbad.16.主语是表示数量的“oneandahalf+复数名词”,其谓语用单数形式。主语是“oneortwo+复数名词”,其谓语用复数形式。Oneandahalfbananasisleftonthetable.ThereareoneortwothingsI‘dliketoknowabout.17.the+形容词或分词作主语时,如指一类人。其谓语用复数,如指抽象概念,其谓语用单数。如:Thericharenotalwayshappy.Thenewissuretoreplacetheold.18.由notonly…butalso,neither…nor,either…or,not…but以及or连接的并列主语,谓语动词要与最靠近它的主语在数上保持一致。Notonlyyourfather’sfriendsbutalsoyourfatherlikessmoking.19.在倒装句中以及在Therebe…结构中,如主语是并列的,谓语动词往往和其后面的第一个主语取得数上的一致。Whereisyourmotherandyoungersister?Thereisapen,twopencilsandfivebooksonthedesk.20.主语people作“人们,人民”解时,谓语动词用复数,作“民族”解时,有单复数之分。Ourpeopleisagreatone.Thereare56peoplesinChina.21.主语是a/this/thatkindof+名词,谓语用单数形式,主语指的不是一种而是多种,谓语动词用复数。Thiskindofclothfeelssoft.Therearedifferentkindsofanimals.22.主语是“eachof…”,“neitherof…”,“eitherof…”,“oneof…”等时,其谓语用单数。Eachofthemhashisownduty.23.陈述部分用everybody,everyone,somebody,someone,anybody,anyone,nobody,noone或no+复数名词等作主语时,反意部分用they。而陈述部分用everything,something,nothing,anything时,反意部分代词则采用单数,用it。Somebodyiswaitingforyou,aren’they?Everythingisallright,isn’tit?24.动名词或动词不定式作主语,其谓语用单数形式。Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactoryisnotdecidedyet.25.用引号的词语作主语时,谓语用单数第三人称。“I”istheninthletteroftheEnglishAlphabet.26.在强调结构中如被强调的是句子的主语,则who或that后面的谓语动词的人称和数应和主语一致。ItisMikewhoalwayshelpsmestudymathsafterclass.27.wish后接宾语从句用虚拟语气,如表示与现在事实相反,无论主语是单数还是复数,be动词用were。IwishIweretenyearsyounger.28.police,cattle等集合名词作主语时,谓语用复数。Themurdererhasrunaway.Thepolicearesearchingforhim.29.算式中表示数目的主语通常看作单数,其谓语常用单数形式,也可用复数。Fivetimesfouristwenty.30.youth作“青年们”解作主语时,谓语用复数。TheyouthofChinatodayaredoingtheirbesttostudymodernscienceandtechnology.Good-bye!